This is libc.info, produced by makeinfo version 5.1 from libc.texinfo.
|
|
This is ‘The GNU C Library Reference Manual’, for version 2.33 (GNU).
|
|
Copyright © 1993–2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
|
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
|
Invariant Sections being “Free Software Needs Free Documentation” and
|
“GNU Lesser General Public License”, the Front-Cover texts being “A GNU
|
Manual”, and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a) below. A copy of the
|
license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation
|
License".
|
|
(a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and
|
modify this GNU manual. Buying copies from the FSF supports it in
|
developing GNU and promoting software freedom.”
|
INFO-DIR-SECTION Software libraries
|
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
|
* Libc: (libc). C library.
|
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
|
|
INFO-DIR-SECTION GNU C library functions and macros
|
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
|
* ALTWERASE: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* ARGP_ERR_UNKNOWN: (libc)Argp Parser Functions.
|
* ARG_MAX: (libc)General Limits.
|
* BC_BASE_MAX: (libc)Utility Limits.
|
* BC_DIM_MAX: (libc)Utility Limits.
|
* BC_SCALE_MAX: (libc)Utility Limits.
|
* BC_STRING_MAX: (libc)Utility Limits.
|
* BRKINT: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* BUFSIZ: (libc)Controlling Buffering.
|
* CCTS_OFLOW: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* CHAR_BIT: (libc)Width of Type.
|
* CHILD_MAX: (libc)General Limits.
|
* CIGNORE: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* CLK_TCK: (libc)Processor Time.
|
* CLOCAL: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* CLOCKS_PER_SEC: (libc)CPU Time.
|
* CLOCK_MONOTONIC: (libc)Getting the Time.
|
* CLOCK_REALTIME: (libc)Getting the Time.
|
* COLL_WEIGHTS_MAX: (libc)Utility Limits.
|
* CPU_CLR: (libc)CPU Affinity.
|
* CPU_FEATURE_USABLE: (libc)X86.
|
* CPU_ISSET: (libc)CPU Affinity.
|
* CPU_SET: (libc)CPU Affinity.
|
* CPU_SETSIZE: (libc)CPU Affinity.
|
* CPU_ZERO: (libc)CPU Affinity.
|
* CREAD: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* CRTS_IFLOW: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* CS5: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* CS6: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* CS7: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* CS8: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* CSIZE: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* CSTOPB: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* DTTOIF: (libc)Directory Entries.
|
* E2BIG: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EACCES: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EADDRINUSE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EADDRNOTAVAIL: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EADV: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EAFNOSUPPORT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EAGAIN: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EALREADY: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EAUTH: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EBACKGROUND: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EBADE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EBADF: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EBADFD: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EBADMSG: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EBADR: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EBADRPC: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EBADRQC: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EBADSLT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EBFONT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EBUSY: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ECANCELED: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ECHILD: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ECHO: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* ECHOCTL: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* ECHOE: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* ECHOK: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* ECHOKE: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* ECHONL: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* ECHOPRT: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* ECHRNG: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ECOMM: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ECONNABORTED: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ECONNREFUSED: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ECONNRESET: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ED: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EDEADLK: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EDEADLOCK: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EDESTADDRREQ: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EDIED: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EDOM: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EDOTDOT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EDQUOT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EEXIST: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EFAULT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EFBIG: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EFTYPE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EGRATUITOUS: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EGREGIOUS: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EHOSTDOWN: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EHOSTUNREACH: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EHWPOISON: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EIDRM: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EIEIO: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EILSEQ: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EINPROGRESS: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EINTR: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EINVAL: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EIO: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EISCONN: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EISDIR: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EISNAM: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EKEYEXPIRED: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EKEYREJECTED: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EKEYREVOKED: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EL2HLT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EL2NSYNC: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EL3HLT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EL3RST: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ELIBACC: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ELIBBAD: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ELIBEXEC: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ELIBMAX: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ELIBSCN: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ELNRNG: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ELOOP: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EMEDIUMTYPE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EMFILE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EMLINK: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EMSGSIZE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EMULTIHOP: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENAMETOOLONG: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENAVAIL: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENEEDAUTH: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENETDOWN: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENETRESET: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENETUNREACH: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENFILE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOANO: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOBUFS: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOCSI: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENODATA: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENODEV: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOENT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOEXEC: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOKEY: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOLCK: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOLINK: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOMEDIUM: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOMEM: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOMSG: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENONET: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOPKG: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOPROTOOPT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOSPC: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOSR: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOSTR: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOSYS: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOTBLK: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOTCONN: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOTDIR: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOTEMPTY: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOTNAM: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOTRECOVERABLE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOTSOCK: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOTSUP: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOTTY: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENOTUNIQ: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ENXIO: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EOF: (libc)EOF and Errors.
|
* EOPNOTSUPP: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EOVERFLOW: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EOWNERDEAD: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EPERM: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EPFNOSUPPORT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EPIPE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EPROCLIM: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EPROCUNAVAIL: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EPROGMISMATCH: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EPROGUNAVAIL: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EPROTO: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EPROTONOSUPPORT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EPROTOTYPE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EQUIV_CLASS_MAX: (libc)Utility Limits.
|
* ERANGE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EREMCHG: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EREMOTE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EREMOTEIO: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ERESTART: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ERFKILL: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EROFS: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ERPCMISMATCH: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ESHUTDOWN: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ESOCKTNOSUPPORT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ESPIPE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ESRCH: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ESRMNT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ESTALE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ESTRPIPE: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ETIME: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ETIMEDOUT: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ETOOMANYREFS: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* ETXTBSY: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EUCLEAN: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EUNATCH: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EUSERS: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EWOULDBLOCK: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EXDEV: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EXFULL: (libc)Error Codes.
|
* EXIT_FAILURE: (libc)Exit Status.
|
* EXIT_SUCCESS: (libc)Exit Status.
|
* EXPR_NEST_MAX: (libc)Utility Limits.
|
* FD_CLOEXEC: (libc)Descriptor Flags.
|
* FD_CLR: (libc)Waiting for I/O.
|
* FD_ISSET: (libc)Waiting for I/O.
|
* FD_SET: (libc)Waiting for I/O.
|
* FD_SETSIZE: (libc)Waiting for I/O.
|
* FD_ZERO: (libc)Waiting for I/O.
|
* FE_SNANS_ALWAYS_SIGNAL: (libc)Infinity and NaN.
|
* FILENAME_MAX: (libc)Limits for Files.
|
* FLUSHO: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* FOPEN_MAX: (libc)Opening Streams.
|
* FP_ILOGB0: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* FP_ILOGBNAN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* FP_LLOGB0: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* FP_LLOGBNAN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* F_DUPFD: (libc)Duplicating Descriptors.
|
* F_GETFD: (libc)Descriptor Flags.
|
* F_GETFL: (libc)Getting File Status Flags.
|
* F_GETLK: (libc)File Locks.
|
* F_GETOWN: (libc)Interrupt Input.
|
* F_OFD_GETLK: (libc)Open File Description Locks.
|
* F_OFD_SETLK: (libc)Open File Description Locks.
|
* F_OFD_SETLKW: (libc)Open File Description Locks.
|
* F_OK: (libc)Testing File Access.
|
* F_SETFD: (libc)Descriptor Flags.
|
* F_SETFL: (libc)Getting File Status Flags.
|
* F_SETLK: (libc)File Locks.
|
* F_SETLKW: (libc)File Locks.
|
* F_SETOWN: (libc)Interrupt Input.
|
* HAS_CPU_FEATURE: (libc)X86.
|
* HUGE_VAL: (libc)Math Error Reporting.
|
* HUGE_VALF: (libc)Math Error Reporting.
|
* HUGE_VALL: (libc)Math Error Reporting.
|
* HUGE_VAL_FN: (libc)Math Error Reporting.
|
* HUGE_VAL_FNx: (libc)Math Error Reporting.
|
* HUPCL: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* I: (libc)Complex Numbers.
|
* ICANON: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* ICRNL: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* IEXTEN: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* IFNAMSIZ: (libc)Interface Naming.
|
* IFTODT: (libc)Directory Entries.
|
* IGNBRK: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* IGNCR: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* IGNPAR: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* IMAXBEL: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* INADDR_ANY: (libc)Host Address Data Type.
|
* INADDR_BROADCAST: (libc)Host Address Data Type.
|
* INADDR_LOOPBACK: (libc)Host Address Data Type.
|
* INADDR_NONE: (libc)Host Address Data Type.
|
* INFINITY: (libc)Infinity and NaN.
|
* INLCR: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* INPCK: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* IPPORT_RESERVED: (libc)Ports.
|
* IPPORT_USERRESERVED: (libc)Ports.
|
* ISIG: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* ISTRIP: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* IXANY: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* IXOFF: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* IXON: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* LINE_MAX: (libc)Utility Limits.
|
* LINK_MAX: (libc)Limits for Files.
|
* L_ctermid: (libc)Identifying the Terminal.
|
* L_cuserid: (libc)Who Logged In.
|
* L_tmpnam: (libc)Temporary Files.
|
* MAXNAMLEN: (libc)Limits for Files.
|
* MAXSYMLINKS: (libc)Symbolic Links.
|
* MAX_CANON: (libc)Limits for Files.
|
* MAX_INPUT: (libc)Limits for Files.
|
* MB_CUR_MAX: (libc)Selecting the Conversion.
|
* MB_LEN_MAX: (libc)Selecting the Conversion.
|
* MDMBUF: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* MSG_DONTROUTE: (libc)Socket Data Options.
|
* MSG_OOB: (libc)Socket Data Options.
|
* MSG_PEEK: (libc)Socket Data Options.
|
* NAME_MAX: (libc)Limits for Files.
|
* NAN: (libc)Infinity and NaN.
|
* NCCS: (libc)Mode Data Types.
|
* NGROUPS_MAX: (libc)General Limits.
|
* NOFLSH: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* NOKERNINFO: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* NSIG: (libc)Standard Signals.
|
* NULL: (libc)Null Pointer Constant.
|
* ONLCR: (libc)Output Modes.
|
* ONOEOT: (libc)Output Modes.
|
* OPEN_MAX: (libc)General Limits.
|
* OPOST: (libc)Output Modes.
|
* OXTABS: (libc)Output Modes.
|
* O_ACCMODE: (libc)Access Modes.
|
* O_APPEND: (libc)Operating Modes.
|
* O_ASYNC: (libc)Operating Modes.
|
* O_CREAT: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_DIRECTORY: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_EXCL: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_EXEC: (libc)Access Modes.
|
* O_EXLOCK: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_FSYNC: (libc)Operating Modes.
|
* O_IGNORE_CTTY: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_NDELAY: (libc)Operating Modes.
|
* O_NOATIME: (libc)Operating Modes.
|
* O_NOCTTY: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_NOFOLLOW: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_NOLINK: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_NONBLOCK: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_NONBLOCK: (libc)Operating Modes.
|
* O_NOTRANS: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_PATH: (libc)Access Modes.
|
* O_RDONLY: (libc)Access Modes.
|
* O_RDWR: (libc)Access Modes.
|
* O_READ: (libc)Access Modes.
|
* O_SHLOCK: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_SYNC: (libc)Operating Modes.
|
* O_TMPFILE: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_TRUNC: (libc)Open-time Flags.
|
* O_WRITE: (libc)Access Modes.
|
* O_WRONLY: (libc)Access Modes.
|
* PARENB: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* PARMRK: (libc)Input Modes.
|
* PARODD: (libc)Control Modes.
|
* PATH_MAX: (libc)Limits for Files.
|
* PA_FLAG_MASK: (libc)Parsing a Template String.
|
* PENDIN: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* PF_FILE: (libc)Local Namespace Details.
|
* PF_INET6: (libc)Internet Namespace.
|
* PF_INET: (libc)Internet Namespace.
|
* PF_LOCAL: (libc)Local Namespace Details.
|
* PF_UNIX: (libc)Local Namespace Details.
|
* PIPE_BUF: (libc)Limits for Files.
|
* PTHREAD_ATTR_NO_SIGMASK_NP: (libc)Initial Thread Signal Mask.
|
* P_tmpdir: (libc)Temporary Files.
|
* RAND_MAX: (libc)ISO Random.
|
* RE_DUP_MAX: (libc)General Limits.
|
* RLIM_INFINITY: (libc)Limits on Resources.
|
* R_OK: (libc)Testing File Access.
|
* SA_NOCLDSTOP: (libc)Flags for Sigaction.
|
* SA_ONSTACK: (libc)Flags for Sigaction.
|
* SA_RESTART: (libc)Flags for Sigaction.
|
* SEEK_CUR: (libc)File Positioning.
|
* SEEK_END: (libc)File Positioning.
|
* SEEK_SET: (libc)File Positioning.
|
* SIGABRT: (libc)Program Error Signals.
|
* SIGALRM: (libc)Alarm Signals.
|
* SIGBUS: (libc)Program Error Signals.
|
* SIGCHLD: (libc)Job Control Signals.
|
* SIGCLD: (libc)Job Control Signals.
|
* SIGCONT: (libc)Job Control Signals.
|
* SIGEMT: (libc)Program Error Signals.
|
* SIGFPE: (libc)Program Error Signals.
|
* SIGHUP: (libc)Termination Signals.
|
* SIGILL: (libc)Program Error Signals.
|
* SIGINFO: (libc)Miscellaneous Signals.
|
* SIGINT: (libc)Termination Signals.
|
* SIGIO: (libc)Asynchronous I/O Signals.
|
* SIGIOT: (libc)Program Error Signals.
|
* SIGKILL: (libc)Termination Signals.
|
* SIGLOST: (libc)Operation Error Signals.
|
* SIGPIPE: (libc)Operation Error Signals.
|
* SIGPOLL: (libc)Asynchronous I/O Signals.
|
* SIGPROF: (libc)Alarm Signals.
|
* SIGQUIT: (libc)Termination Signals.
|
* SIGSEGV: (libc)Program Error Signals.
|
* SIGSTOP: (libc)Job Control Signals.
|
* SIGSYS: (libc)Program Error Signals.
|
* SIGTERM: (libc)Termination Signals.
|
* SIGTRAP: (libc)Program Error Signals.
|
* SIGTSTP: (libc)Job Control Signals.
|
* SIGTTIN: (libc)Job Control Signals.
|
* SIGTTOU: (libc)Job Control Signals.
|
* SIGURG: (libc)Asynchronous I/O Signals.
|
* SIGUSR1: (libc)Miscellaneous Signals.
|
* SIGUSR2: (libc)Miscellaneous Signals.
|
* SIGVTALRM: (libc)Alarm Signals.
|
* SIGWINCH: (libc)Miscellaneous Signals.
|
* SIGXCPU: (libc)Operation Error Signals.
|
* SIGXFSZ: (libc)Operation Error Signals.
|
* SIG_ERR: (libc)Basic Signal Handling.
|
* SNAN: (libc)Infinity and NaN.
|
* SNANF: (libc)Infinity and NaN.
|
* SNANFN: (libc)Infinity and NaN.
|
* SNANFNx: (libc)Infinity and NaN.
|
* SNANL: (libc)Infinity and NaN.
|
* SOCK_DGRAM: (libc)Communication Styles.
|
* SOCK_RAW: (libc)Communication Styles.
|
* SOCK_RDM: (libc)Communication Styles.
|
* SOCK_SEQPACKET: (libc)Communication Styles.
|
* SOCK_STREAM: (libc)Communication Styles.
|
* SOL_SOCKET: (libc)Socket-Level Options.
|
* SSIZE_MAX: (libc)General Limits.
|
* STREAM_MAX: (libc)General Limits.
|
* SUN_LEN: (libc)Local Namespace Details.
|
* S_IFMT: (libc)Testing File Type.
|
* S_ISBLK: (libc)Testing File Type.
|
* S_ISCHR: (libc)Testing File Type.
|
* S_ISDIR: (libc)Testing File Type.
|
* S_ISFIFO: (libc)Testing File Type.
|
* S_ISLNK: (libc)Testing File Type.
|
* S_ISREG: (libc)Testing File Type.
|
* S_ISSOCK: (libc)Testing File Type.
|
* S_TYPEISMQ: (libc)Testing File Type.
|
* S_TYPEISSEM: (libc)Testing File Type.
|
* S_TYPEISSHM: (libc)Testing File Type.
|
* TMP_MAX: (libc)Temporary Files.
|
* TOSTOP: (libc)Local Modes.
|
* TZNAME_MAX: (libc)General Limits.
|
* VDISCARD: (libc)Other Special.
|
* VDSUSP: (libc)Signal Characters.
|
* VEOF: (libc)Editing Characters.
|
* VEOL2: (libc)Editing Characters.
|
* VEOL: (libc)Editing Characters.
|
* VERASE: (libc)Editing Characters.
|
* VINTR: (libc)Signal Characters.
|
* VKILL: (libc)Editing Characters.
|
* VLNEXT: (libc)Other Special.
|
* VMIN: (libc)Noncanonical Input.
|
* VQUIT: (libc)Signal Characters.
|
* VREPRINT: (libc)Editing Characters.
|
* VSTART: (libc)Start/Stop Characters.
|
* VSTATUS: (libc)Other Special.
|
* VSTOP: (libc)Start/Stop Characters.
|
* VSUSP: (libc)Signal Characters.
|
* VTIME: (libc)Noncanonical Input.
|
* VWERASE: (libc)Editing Characters.
|
* WCHAR_MAX: (libc)Extended Char Intro.
|
* WCHAR_MIN: (libc)Extended Char Intro.
|
* WCOREDUMP: (libc)Process Completion Status.
|
* WEOF: (libc)EOF and Errors.
|
* WEOF: (libc)Extended Char Intro.
|
* WEXITSTATUS: (libc)Process Completion Status.
|
* WIFEXITED: (libc)Process Completion Status.
|
* WIFSIGNALED: (libc)Process Completion Status.
|
* WIFSTOPPED: (libc)Process Completion Status.
|
* WSTOPSIG: (libc)Process Completion Status.
|
* WTERMSIG: (libc)Process Completion Status.
|
* W_OK: (libc)Testing File Access.
|
* X_OK: (libc)Testing File Access.
|
* _Complex_I: (libc)Complex Numbers.
|
* _Exit: (libc)Termination Internals.
|
* _IOFBF: (libc)Controlling Buffering.
|
* _IOLBF: (libc)Controlling Buffering.
|
* _IONBF: (libc)Controlling Buffering.
|
* _Imaginary_I: (libc)Complex Numbers.
|
* _PATH_UTMP: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* _PATH_WTMP: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* _POSIX2_C_DEV: (libc)System Options.
|
* _POSIX2_C_VERSION: (libc)Version Supported.
|
* _POSIX2_FORT_DEV: (libc)System Options.
|
* _POSIX2_FORT_RUN: (libc)System Options.
|
* _POSIX2_LOCALEDEF: (libc)System Options.
|
* _POSIX2_SW_DEV: (libc)System Options.
|
* _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED: (libc)Options for Files.
|
* _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL: (libc)System Options.
|
* _POSIX_NO_TRUNC: (libc)Options for Files.
|
* _POSIX_SAVED_IDS: (libc)System Options.
|
* _POSIX_VDISABLE: (libc)Options for Files.
|
* _POSIX_VERSION: (libc)Version Supported.
|
* __fbufsize: (libc)Controlling Buffering.
|
* __flbf: (libc)Controlling Buffering.
|
* __fpending: (libc)Controlling Buffering.
|
* __fpurge: (libc)Flushing Buffers.
|
* __freadable: (libc)Opening Streams.
|
* __freading: (libc)Opening Streams.
|
* __fsetlocking: (libc)Streams and Threads.
|
* __fwritable: (libc)Opening Streams.
|
* __fwriting: (libc)Opening Streams.
|
* __gconv_end_fct: (libc)glibc iconv Implementation.
|
* __gconv_fct: (libc)glibc iconv Implementation.
|
* __gconv_init_fct: (libc)glibc iconv Implementation.
|
* __ppc_get_timebase: (libc)PowerPC.
|
* __ppc_get_timebase_freq: (libc)PowerPC.
|
* __ppc_mdoio: (libc)PowerPC.
|
* __ppc_mdoom: (libc)PowerPC.
|
* __ppc_set_ppr_low: (libc)PowerPC.
|
* __ppc_set_ppr_med: (libc)PowerPC.
|
* __ppc_set_ppr_med_high: (libc)PowerPC.
|
* __ppc_set_ppr_med_low: (libc)PowerPC.
|
* __ppc_set_ppr_very_low: (libc)PowerPC.
|
* __ppc_yield: (libc)PowerPC.
|
* __riscv_flush_icache: (libc)RISC-V.
|
* __va_copy: (libc)Argument Macros.
|
* __x86_get_cpuid_feature_leaf: (libc)X86.
|
* _exit: (libc)Termination Internals.
|
* _flushlbf: (libc)Flushing Buffers.
|
* _tolower: (libc)Case Conversion.
|
* _toupper: (libc)Case Conversion.
|
* a64l: (libc)Encode Binary Data.
|
* abort: (libc)Aborting a Program.
|
* abs: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* accept: (libc)Accepting Connections.
|
* access: (libc)Testing File Access.
|
* acos: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* acosf: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* acosfN: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* acosfNx: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* acosh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* acoshf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* acoshfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* acoshfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* acoshl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* acosl: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* addmntent: (libc)mtab.
|
* addseverity: (libc)Adding Severity Classes.
|
* adjtime: (libc)Setting and Adjusting the Time.
|
* adjtimex: (libc)Setting and Adjusting the Time.
|
* aio_cancel64: (libc)Cancel AIO Operations.
|
* aio_cancel: (libc)Cancel AIO Operations.
|
* aio_error64: (libc)Status of AIO Operations.
|
* aio_error: (libc)Status of AIO Operations.
|
* aio_fsync64: (libc)Synchronizing AIO Operations.
|
* aio_fsync: (libc)Synchronizing AIO Operations.
|
* aio_init: (libc)Configuration of AIO.
|
* aio_read64: (libc)Asynchronous Reads/Writes.
|
* aio_read: (libc)Asynchronous Reads/Writes.
|
* aio_return64: (libc)Status of AIO Operations.
|
* aio_return: (libc)Status of AIO Operations.
|
* aio_suspend64: (libc)Synchronizing AIO Operations.
|
* aio_suspend: (libc)Synchronizing AIO Operations.
|
* aio_write64: (libc)Asynchronous Reads/Writes.
|
* aio_write: (libc)Asynchronous Reads/Writes.
|
* alarm: (libc)Setting an Alarm.
|
* aligned_alloc: (libc)Aligned Memory Blocks.
|
* alloca: (libc)Variable Size Automatic.
|
* alphasort64: (libc)Scanning Directory Content.
|
* alphasort: (libc)Scanning Directory Content.
|
* argp_error: (libc)Argp Helper Functions.
|
* argp_failure: (libc)Argp Helper Functions.
|
* argp_help: (libc)Argp Help.
|
* argp_parse: (libc)Argp.
|
* argp_state_help: (libc)Argp Helper Functions.
|
* argp_usage: (libc)Argp Helper Functions.
|
* argz_add: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* argz_add_sep: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* argz_append: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* argz_count: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* argz_create: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* argz_create_sep: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* argz_delete: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* argz_extract: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* argz_insert: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* argz_next: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* argz_replace: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* argz_stringify: (libc)Argz Functions.
|
* asctime: (libc)Formatting Calendar Time.
|
* asctime_r: (libc)Formatting Calendar Time.
|
* asin: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* asinf: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* asinfN: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* asinfNx: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* asinh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* asinhf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* asinhfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* asinhfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* asinhl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* asinl: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* asprintf: (libc)Dynamic Output.
|
* assert: (libc)Consistency Checking.
|
* assert_perror: (libc)Consistency Checking.
|
* atan2: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* atan2f: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* atan2fN: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* atan2fNx: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* atan2l: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* atan: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* atanf: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* atanfN: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* atanfNx: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* atanh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* atanhf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* atanhfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* atanhfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* atanhl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* atanl: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* atexit: (libc)Cleanups on Exit.
|
* atof: (libc)Parsing of Floats.
|
* atoi: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* atol: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* atoll: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* backtrace: (libc)Backtraces.
|
* backtrace_symbols: (libc)Backtraces.
|
* backtrace_symbols_fd: (libc)Backtraces.
|
* basename: (libc)Finding Tokens in a String.
|
* basename: (libc)Finding Tokens in a String.
|
* bcmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* bcopy: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* bind: (libc)Setting Address.
|
* bind_textdomain_codeset: (libc)Charset conversion in gettext.
|
* bindtextdomain: (libc)Locating gettext catalog.
|
* brk: (libc)Resizing the Data Segment.
|
* bsearch: (libc)Array Search Function.
|
* btowc: (libc)Converting a Character.
|
* bzero: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* cabs: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* cabsf: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* cabsfN: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* cabsfNx: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* cabsl: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* cacos: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* cacosf: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* cacosfN: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* cacosfNx: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* cacosh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* cacoshf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* cacoshfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* cacoshfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* cacoshl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* cacosl: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* call_once: (libc)Call Once.
|
* calloc: (libc)Allocating Cleared Space.
|
* canonicalize: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* canonicalize_file_name: (libc)Symbolic Links.
|
* canonicalizef: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* canonicalizefN: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* canonicalizefNx: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* canonicalizel: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* carg: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cargf: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cargfN: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cargfNx: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cargl: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* casin: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* casinf: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* casinfN: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* casinfNx: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* casinh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* casinhf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* casinhfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* casinhfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* casinhl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* casinl: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* catan: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* catanf: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* catanfN: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* catanfNx: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* catanh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* catanhf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* catanhfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* catanhfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* catanhl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* catanl: (libc)Inverse Trig Functions.
|
* catclose: (libc)The catgets Functions.
|
* catgets: (libc)The catgets Functions.
|
* catopen: (libc)The catgets Functions.
|
* cbrt: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cbrtf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cbrtfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cbrtfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cbrtl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* ccos: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* ccosf: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* ccosfN: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* ccosfNx: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* ccosh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* ccoshf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* ccoshfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* ccoshfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* ccoshl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* ccosl: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* ceil: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ceilf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ceilfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ceilfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ceill: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* cexp: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cexpf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cexpfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cexpfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cexpl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cfgetispeed: (libc)Line Speed.
|
* cfgetospeed: (libc)Line Speed.
|
* cfmakeraw: (libc)Noncanonical Input.
|
* cfsetispeed: (libc)Line Speed.
|
* cfsetospeed: (libc)Line Speed.
|
* cfsetspeed: (libc)Line Speed.
|
* chdir: (libc)Working Directory.
|
* chmod: (libc)Setting Permissions.
|
* chown: (libc)File Owner.
|
* cimag: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cimagf: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cimagfN: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cimagfNx: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cimagl: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* clearenv: (libc)Environment Access.
|
* clearerr: (libc)Error Recovery.
|
* clearerr_unlocked: (libc)Error Recovery.
|
* clock: (libc)CPU Time.
|
* clock_getres: (libc)Getting the Time.
|
* clock_gettime: (libc)Getting the Time.
|
* clock_settime: (libc)Setting and Adjusting the Time.
|
* clog10: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* clog10f: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* clog10fN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* clog10fNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* clog10l: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* clog: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* clogf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* clogfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* clogfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* clogl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* close: (libc)Opening and Closing Files.
|
* closedir: (libc)Reading/Closing Directory.
|
* closelog: (libc)closelog.
|
* cnd_broadcast: (libc)ISO C Condition Variables.
|
* cnd_destroy: (libc)ISO C Condition Variables.
|
* cnd_init: (libc)ISO C Condition Variables.
|
* cnd_signal: (libc)ISO C Condition Variables.
|
* cnd_timedwait: (libc)ISO C Condition Variables.
|
* cnd_wait: (libc)ISO C Condition Variables.
|
* confstr: (libc)String Parameters.
|
* conj: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* conjf: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* conjfN: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* conjfNx: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* conjl: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* connect: (libc)Connecting.
|
* copy_file_range: (libc)Copying File Data.
|
* copysign: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* copysignf: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* copysignfN: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* copysignfNx: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* copysignl: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* cos: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* cosf: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* cosfN: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* cosfNx: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* cosh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* coshf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* coshfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* coshfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* coshl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* cosl: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* cpow: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cpowf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cpowfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cpowfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cpowl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* cproj: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cprojf: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cprojfN: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cprojfNx: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* cprojl: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* creal: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* crealf: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* crealfN: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* crealfNx: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* creall: (libc)Operations on Complex.
|
* creat64: (libc)Opening and Closing Files.
|
* creat: (libc)Opening and Closing Files.
|
* crypt: (libc)Passphrase Storage.
|
* crypt_r: (libc)Passphrase Storage.
|
* csin: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* csinf: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* csinfN: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* csinfNx: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* csinh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* csinhf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* csinhfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* csinhfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* csinhl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* csinl: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* csqrt: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* csqrtf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* csqrtfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* csqrtfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* csqrtl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* ctan: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* ctanf: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* ctanfN: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* ctanfNx: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* ctanh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* ctanhf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* ctanhfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* ctanhfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* ctanhl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* ctanl: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* ctermid: (libc)Identifying the Terminal.
|
* ctime: (libc)Formatting Calendar Time.
|
* ctime_r: (libc)Formatting Calendar Time.
|
* cuserid: (libc)Who Logged In.
|
* daddl: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* dcgettext: (libc)Translation with gettext.
|
* dcngettext: (libc)Advanced gettext functions.
|
* ddivl: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* dgettext: (libc)Translation with gettext.
|
* difftime: (libc)Calculating Elapsed Time.
|
* dirfd: (libc)Opening a Directory.
|
* dirname: (libc)Finding Tokens in a String.
|
* div: (libc)Integer Division.
|
* dmull: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* dngettext: (libc)Advanced gettext functions.
|
* drand48: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* drand48_r: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* drem: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* dremf: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* dreml: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* dsubl: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* dup2: (libc)Duplicating Descriptors.
|
* dup: (libc)Duplicating Descriptors.
|
* ecvt: (libc)System V Number Conversion.
|
* ecvt_r: (libc)System V Number Conversion.
|
* endfsent: (libc)fstab.
|
* endgrent: (libc)Scanning All Groups.
|
* endhostent: (libc)Host Names.
|
* endmntent: (libc)mtab.
|
* endnetent: (libc)Networks Database.
|
* endnetgrent: (libc)Lookup Netgroup.
|
* endprotoent: (libc)Protocols Database.
|
* endpwent: (libc)Scanning All Users.
|
* endservent: (libc)Services Database.
|
* endutent: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* endutxent: (libc)XPG Functions.
|
* envz_add: (libc)Envz Functions.
|
* envz_entry: (libc)Envz Functions.
|
* envz_get: (libc)Envz Functions.
|
* envz_merge: (libc)Envz Functions.
|
* envz_remove: (libc)Envz Functions.
|
* envz_strip: (libc)Envz Functions.
|
* erand48: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* erand48_r: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* erf: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* erfc: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* erfcf: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* erfcfN: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* erfcfNx: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* erfcl: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* erff: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* erffN: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* erffNx: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* erfl: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* err: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* errno: (libc)Checking for Errors.
|
* error: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* error_at_line: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* errx: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* execl: (libc)Executing a File.
|
* execle: (libc)Executing a File.
|
* execlp: (libc)Executing a File.
|
* execv: (libc)Executing a File.
|
* execve: (libc)Executing a File.
|
* execvp: (libc)Executing a File.
|
* exit: (libc)Normal Termination.
|
* exp10: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* exp10f: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* exp10fN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* exp10fNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* exp10l: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* exp2: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* exp2f: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* exp2fN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* exp2fNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* exp2l: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* exp: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* expf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* expfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* expfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* expl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* explicit_bzero: (libc)Erasing Sensitive Data.
|
* expm1: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* expm1f: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* expm1fN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* expm1fNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* expm1l: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* fMaddfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMaddfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMdivfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMdivfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMmulfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMmulfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMsubfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMsubfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMxaddfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMxaddfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMxdivfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMxdivfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMxmulfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMxmulfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMxsubfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fMxsubfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fabs: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* fabsf: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* fabsfN: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* fabsfNx: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* fabsl: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* fadd: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* faddl: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fchdir: (libc)Working Directory.
|
* fchmod: (libc)Setting Permissions.
|
* fchown: (libc)File Owner.
|
* fclose: (libc)Closing Streams.
|
* fcloseall: (libc)Closing Streams.
|
* fcntl: (libc)Control Operations.
|
* fcvt: (libc)System V Number Conversion.
|
* fcvt_r: (libc)System V Number Conversion.
|
* fdatasync: (libc)Synchronizing I/O.
|
* fdim: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fdimf: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fdimfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fdimfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fdiml: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fdiv: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fdivl: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fdopen: (libc)Descriptors and Streams.
|
* fdopendir: (libc)Opening a Directory.
|
* feclearexcept: (libc)Status bit operations.
|
* fedisableexcept: (libc)Control Functions.
|
* feenableexcept: (libc)Control Functions.
|
* fegetenv: (libc)Control Functions.
|
* fegetexcept: (libc)Control Functions.
|
* fegetexceptflag: (libc)Status bit operations.
|
* fegetmode: (libc)Control Functions.
|
* fegetround: (libc)Rounding.
|
* feholdexcept: (libc)Control Functions.
|
* feof: (libc)EOF and Errors.
|
* feof_unlocked: (libc)EOF and Errors.
|
* feraiseexcept: (libc)Status bit operations.
|
* ferror: (libc)EOF and Errors.
|
* ferror_unlocked: (libc)EOF and Errors.
|
* fesetenv: (libc)Control Functions.
|
* fesetexcept: (libc)Status bit operations.
|
* fesetexceptflag: (libc)Status bit operations.
|
* fesetmode: (libc)Control Functions.
|
* fesetround: (libc)Rounding.
|
* fetestexcept: (libc)Status bit operations.
|
* fetestexceptflag: (libc)Status bit operations.
|
* feupdateenv: (libc)Control Functions.
|
* fexecve: (libc)Executing a File.
|
* fflush: (libc)Flushing Buffers.
|
* fflush_unlocked: (libc)Flushing Buffers.
|
* fgetc: (libc)Character Input.
|
* fgetc_unlocked: (libc)Character Input.
|
* fgetgrent: (libc)Scanning All Groups.
|
* fgetgrent_r: (libc)Scanning All Groups.
|
* fgetpos64: (libc)Portable Positioning.
|
* fgetpos: (libc)Portable Positioning.
|
* fgetpwent: (libc)Scanning All Users.
|
* fgetpwent_r: (libc)Scanning All Users.
|
* fgets: (libc)Line Input.
|
* fgets_unlocked: (libc)Line Input.
|
* fgetwc: (libc)Character Input.
|
* fgetwc_unlocked: (libc)Character Input.
|
* fgetws: (libc)Line Input.
|
* fgetws_unlocked: (libc)Line Input.
|
* fileno: (libc)Descriptors and Streams.
|
* fileno_unlocked: (libc)Descriptors and Streams.
|
* finite: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* finitef: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* finitel: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* flockfile: (libc)Streams and Threads.
|
* floor: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* floorf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* floorfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* floorfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* floorl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* fma: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmaf: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmafN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmafNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmal: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmax: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmaxf: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmaxfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmaxfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmaxl: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmaxmag: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmaxmagf: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmaxmagfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmaxmagfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmaxmagl: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmemopen: (libc)String Streams.
|
* fmin: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fminf: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fminfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fminfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fminl: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fminmag: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fminmagf: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fminmagfN: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fminmagfNx: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fminmagl: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmod: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* fmodf: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* fmodfN: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* fmodfNx: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* fmodl: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* fmtmsg: (libc)Printing Formatted Messages.
|
* fmul: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fmull: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fnmatch: (libc)Wildcard Matching.
|
* fopen64: (libc)Opening Streams.
|
* fopen: (libc)Opening Streams.
|
* fopencookie: (libc)Streams and Cookies.
|
* fork: (libc)Creating a Process.
|
* forkpty: (libc)Pseudo-Terminal Pairs.
|
* fpathconf: (libc)Pathconf.
|
* fpclassify: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* fprintf: (libc)Formatted Output Functions.
|
* fputc: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* fputc_unlocked: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* fputs: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* fputs_unlocked: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* fputwc: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* fputwc_unlocked: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* fputws: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* fputws_unlocked: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* fread: (libc)Block Input/Output.
|
* fread_unlocked: (libc)Block Input/Output.
|
* free: (libc)Freeing after Malloc.
|
* freopen64: (libc)Opening Streams.
|
* freopen: (libc)Opening Streams.
|
* frexp: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* frexpf: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* frexpfN: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* frexpfNx: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* frexpl: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* fromfp: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* fromfpf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* fromfpfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* fromfpfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* fromfpl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* fromfpx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* fromfpxf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* fromfpxfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* fromfpxfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* fromfpxl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* fscanf: (libc)Formatted Input Functions.
|
* fseek: (libc)File Positioning.
|
* fseeko64: (libc)File Positioning.
|
* fseeko: (libc)File Positioning.
|
* fsetpos64: (libc)Portable Positioning.
|
* fsetpos: (libc)Portable Positioning.
|
* fstat64: (libc)Reading Attributes.
|
* fstat: (libc)Reading Attributes.
|
* fsub: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fsubl: (libc)Misc FP Arithmetic.
|
* fsync: (libc)Synchronizing I/O.
|
* ftell: (libc)File Positioning.
|
* ftello64: (libc)File Positioning.
|
* ftello: (libc)File Positioning.
|
* ftruncate64: (libc)File Size.
|
* ftruncate: (libc)File Size.
|
* ftrylockfile: (libc)Streams and Threads.
|
* ftw64: (libc)Working with Directory Trees.
|
* ftw: (libc)Working with Directory Trees.
|
* funlockfile: (libc)Streams and Threads.
|
* futimes: (libc)File Times.
|
* fwide: (libc)Streams and I18N.
|
* fwprintf: (libc)Formatted Output Functions.
|
* fwrite: (libc)Block Input/Output.
|
* fwrite_unlocked: (libc)Block Input/Output.
|
* fwscanf: (libc)Formatted Input Functions.
|
* gamma: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* gammaf: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* gammal: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* gcvt: (libc)System V Number Conversion.
|
* get_avphys_pages: (libc)Query Memory Parameters.
|
* get_current_dir_name: (libc)Working Directory.
|
* get_nprocs: (libc)Processor Resources.
|
* get_nprocs_conf: (libc)Processor Resources.
|
* get_phys_pages: (libc)Query Memory Parameters.
|
* getauxval: (libc)Auxiliary Vector.
|
* getc: (libc)Character Input.
|
* getc_unlocked: (libc)Character Input.
|
* getchar: (libc)Character Input.
|
* getchar_unlocked: (libc)Character Input.
|
* getcontext: (libc)System V contexts.
|
* getcpu: (libc)CPU Affinity.
|
* getcwd: (libc)Working Directory.
|
* getdate: (libc)General Time String Parsing.
|
* getdate_r: (libc)General Time String Parsing.
|
* getdelim: (libc)Line Input.
|
* getdents64: (libc)Low-level Directory Access.
|
* getdomainnname: (libc)Host Identification.
|
* getegid: (libc)Reading Persona.
|
* getentropy: (libc)Unpredictable Bytes.
|
* getenv: (libc)Environment Access.
|
* geteuid: (libc)Reading Persona.
|
* getfsent: (libc)fstab.
|
* getfsfile: (libc)fstab.
|
* getfsspec: (libc)fstab.
|
* getgid: (libc)Reading Persona.
|
* getgrent: (libc)Scanning All Groups.
|
* getgrent_r: (libc)Scanning All Groups.
|
* getgrgid: (libc)Lookup Group.
|
* getgrgid_r: (libc)Lookup Group.
|
* getgrnam: (libc)Lookup Group.
|
* getgrnam_r: (libc)Lookup Group.
|
* getgrouplist: (libc)Setting Groups.
|
* getgroups: (libc)Reading Persona.
|
* gethostbyaddr: (libc)Host Names.
|
* gethostbyaddr_r: (libc)Host Names.
|
* gethostbyname2: (libc)Host Names.
|
* gethostbyname2_r: (libc)Host Names.
|
* gethostbyname: (libc)Host Names.
|
* gethostbyname_r: (libc)Host Names.
|
* gethostent: (libc)Host Names.
|
* gethostid: (libc)Host Identification.
|
* gethostname: (libc)Host Identification.
|
* getitimer: (libc)Setting an Alarm.
|
* getline: (libc)Line Input.
|
* getloadavg: (libc)Processor Resources.
|
* getlogin: (libc)Who Logged In.
|
* getmntent: (libc)mtab.
|
* getmntent_r: (libc)mtab.
|
* getnetbyaddr: (libc)Networks Database.
|
* getnetbyname: (libc)Networks Database.
|
* getnetent: (libc)Networks Database.
|
* getnetgrent: (libc)Lookup Netgroup.
|
* getnetgrent_r: (libc)Lookup Netgroup.
|
* getopt: (libc)Using Getopt.
|
* getopt_long: (libc)Getopt Long Options.
|
* getopt_long_only: (libc)Getopt Long Options.
|
* getpagesize: (libc)Query Memory Parameters.
|
* getpass: (libc)getpass.
|
* getpayload: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* getpayloadf: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* getpayloadfN: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* getpayloadfNx: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* getpayloadl: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* getpeername: (libc)Who is Connected.
|
* getpgid: (libc)Process Group Functions.
|
* getpgrp: (libc)Process Group Functions.
|
* getpid: (libc)Process Identification.
|
* getppid: (libc)Process Identification.
|
* getpriority: (libc)Traditional Scheduling Functions.
|
* getprotobyname: (libc)Protocols Database.
|
* getprotobynumber: (libc)Protocols Database.
|
* getprotoent: (libc)Protocols Database.
|
* getpt: (libc)Allocation.
|
* getpwent: (libc)Scanning All Users.
|
* getpwent_r: (libc)Scanning All Users.
|
* getpwnam: (libc)Lookup User.
|
* getpwnam_r: (libc)Lookup User.
|
* getpwuid: (libc)Lookup User.
|
* getpwuid_r: (libc)Lookup User.
|
* getrandom: (libc)Unpredictable Bytes.
|
* getrlimit64: (libc)Limits on Resources.
|
* getrlimit: (libc)Limits on Resources.
|
* getrusage: (libc)Resource Usage.
|
* gets: (libc)Line Input.
|
* getservbyname: (libc)Services Database.
|
* getservbyport: (libc)Services Database.
|
* getservent: (libc)Services Database.
|
* getsid: (libc)Process Group Functions.
|
* getsockname: (libc)Reading Address.
|
* getsockopt: (libc)Socket Option Functions.
|
* getsubopt: (libc)Suboptions.
|
* gettext: (libc)Translation with gettext.
|
* gettid: (libc)Process Identification.
|
* gettimeofday: (libc)Getting the Time.
|
* getuid: (libc)Reading Persona.
|
* getumask: (libc)Setting Permissions.
|
* getutent: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* getutent_r: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* getutid: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* getutid_r: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* getutline: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* getutline_r: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* getutmp: (libc)XPG Functions.
|
* getutmpx: (libc)XPG Functions.
|
* getutxent: (libc)XPG Functions.
|
* getutxid: (libc)XPG Functions.
|
* getutxline: (libc)XPG Functions.
|
* getw: (libc)Character Input.
|
* getwc: (libc)Character Input.
|
* getwc_unlocked: (libc)Character Input.
|
* getwchar: (libc)Character Input.
|
* getwchar_unlocked: (libc)Character Input.
|
* getwd: (libc)Working Directory.
|
* glob64: (libc)Calling Glob.
|
* glob: (libc)Calling Glob.
|
* globfree64: (libc)More Flags for Globbing.
|
* globfree: (libc)More Flags for Globbing.
|
* gmtime: (libc)Broken-down Time.
|
* gmtime_r: (libc)Broken-down Time.
|
* grantpt: (libc)Allocation.
|
* gsignal: (libc)Signaling Yourself.
|
* gtty: (libc)BSD Terminal Modes.
|
* hasmntopt: (libc)mtab.
|
* hcreate: (libc)Hash Search Function.
|
* hcreate_r: (libc)Hash Search Function.
|
* hdestroy: (libc)Hash Search Function.
|
* hdestroy_r: (libc)Hash Search Function.
|
* hsearch: (libc)Hash Search Function.
|
* hsearch_r: (libc)Hash Search Function.
|
* htonl: (libc)Byte Order.
|
* htons: (libc)Byte Order.
|
* hypot: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* hypotf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* hypotfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* hypotfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* hypotl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* iconv: (libc)Generic Conversion Interface.
|
* iconv_close: (libc)Generic Conversion Interface.
|
* iconv_open: (libc)Generic Conversion Interface.
|
* if_freenameindex: (libc)Interface Naming.
|
* if_indextoname: (libc)Interface Naming.
|
* if_nameindex: (libc)Interface Naming.
|
* if_nametoindex: (libc)Interface Naming.
|
* ilogb: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* ilogbf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* ilogbfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* ilogbfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* ilogbl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* imaxabs: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* imaxdiv: (libc)Integer Division.
|
* in6addr_any: (libc)Host Address Data Type.
|
* in6addr_loopback: (libc)Host Address Data Type.
|
* index: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* inet_addr: (libc)Host Address Functions.
|
* inet_aton: (libc)Host Address Functions.
|
* inet_lnaof: (libc)Host Address Functions.
|
* inet_makeaddr: (libc)Host Address Functions.
|
* inet_netof: (libc)Host Address Functions.
|
* inet_network: (libc)Host Address Functions.
|
* inet_ntoa: (libc)Host Address Functions.
|
* inet_ntop: (libc)Host Address Functions.
|
* inet_pton: (libc)Host Address Functions.
|
* initgroups: (libc)Setting Groups.
|
* initstate: (libc)BSD Random.
|
* initstate_r: (libc)BSD Random.
|
* innetgr: (libc)Netgroup Membership.
|
* ioctl: (libc)IOCTLs.
|
* isalnum: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* isalpha: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* isascii: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* isatty: (libc)Is It a Terminal.
|
* isblank: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* iscanonical: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* iscntrl: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* isdigit: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* iseqsig: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* isfinite: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* isgraph: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* isgreater: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* isgreaterequal: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* isinf: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* isinff: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* isinfl: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* isless: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* islessequal: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* islessgreater: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* islower: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* isnan: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* isnan: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* isnanf: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* isnanl: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* isnormal: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* isprint: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* ispunct: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* issignaling: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* isspace: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* issubnormal: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* isunordered: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* isupper: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* iswalnum: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswalpha: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswblank: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswcntrl: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswctype: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswdigit: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswgraph: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswlower: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswprint: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswpunct: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswspace: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswupper: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* iswxdigit: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* isxdigit: (libc)Classification of Characters.
|
* iszero: (libc)Floating Point Classes.
|
* j0: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* j0f: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* j0fN: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* j0fNx: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* j0l: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* j1: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* j1f: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* j1fN: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* j1fNx: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* j1l: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* jn: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* jnf: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* jnfN: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* jnfNx: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* jnl: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* jrand48: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* jrand48_r: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* kill: (libc)Signaling Another Process.
|
* killpg: (libc)Signaling Another Process.
|
* l64a: (libc)Encode Binary Data.
|
* labs: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* lcong48: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* lcong48_r: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* ldexp: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* ldexpf: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* ldexpfN: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* ldexpfNx: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* ldexpl: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* ldiv: (libc)Integer Division.
|
* lfind: (libc)Array Search Function.
|
* lgamma: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* lgamma_r: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* lgammaf: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* lgammafN: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* lgammafN_r: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* lgammafNx: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* lgammafNx_r: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* lgammaf_r: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* lgammal: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* lgammal_r: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* link: (libc)Hard Links.
|
* linkat: (libc)Hard Links.
|
* lio_listio64: (libc)Asynchronous Reads/Writes.
|
* lio_listio: (libc)Asynchronous Reads/Writes.
|
* listen: (libc)Listening.
|
* llabs: (libc)Absolute Value.
|
* lldiv: (libc)Integer Division.
|
* llogb: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* llogbf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* llogbfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* llogbfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* llogbl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* llrint: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* llrintf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* llrintfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* llrintfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* llrintl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* llround: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* llroundf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* llroundfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* llroundfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* llroundl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* localeconv: (libc)The Lame Way to Locale Data.
|
* localtime: (libc)Broken-down Time.
|
* localtime_r: (libc)Broken-down Time.
|
* log10: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log10f: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log10fN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log10fNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log10l: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log1p: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log1pf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log1pfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log1pfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log1pl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log2: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log2f: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log2fN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log2fNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log2l: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* log: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* logb: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* logbf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* logbfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* logbfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* logbl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* logf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* logfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* logfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* login: (libc)Logging In and Out.
|
* login_tty: (libc)Logging In and Out.
|
* logl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* logout: (libc)Logging In and Out.
|
* logwtmp: (libc)Logging In and Out.
|
* longjmp: (libc)Non-Local Details.
|
* lrand48: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* lrand48_r: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* lrint: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* lrintf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* lrintfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* lrintfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* lrintl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* lround: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* lroundf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* lroundfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* lroundfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* lroundl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* lsearch: (libc)Array Search Function.
|
* lseek64: (libc)File Position Primitive.
|
* lseek: (libc)File Position Primitive.
|
* lstat64: (libc)Reading Attributes.
|
* lstat: (libc)Reading Attributes.
|
* lutimes: (libc)File Times.
|
* madvise: (libc)Memory-mapped I/O.
|
* makecontext: (libc)System V contexts.
|
* mallinfo2: (libc)Statistics of Malloc.
|
* malloc: (libc)Basic Allocation.
|
* mallopt: (libc)Malloc Tunable Parameters.
|
* mblen: (libc)Non-reentrant Character Conversion.
|
* mbrlen: (libc)Converting a Character.
|
* mbrtowc: (libc)Converting a Character.
|
* mbsinit: (libc)Keeping the state.
|
* mbsnrtowcs: (libc)Converting Strings.
|
* mbsrtowcs: (libc)Converting Strings.
|
* mbstowcs: (libc)Non-reentrant String Conversion.
|
* mbtowc: (libc)Non-reentrant Character Conversion.
|
* mcheck: (libc)Heap Consistency Checking.
|
* memalign: (libc)Aligned Memory Blocks.
|
* memccpy: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* memchr: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* memcmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* memcpy: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* memfd_create: (libc)Memory-mapped I/O.
|
* memfrob: (libc)Obfuscating Data.
|
* memmem: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* memmove: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* mempcpy: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* memrchr: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* memset: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* mkdir: (libc)Creating Directories.
|
* mkdtemp: (libc)Temporary Files.
|
* mkfifo: (libc)FIFO Special Files.
|
* mknod: (libc)Making Special Files.
|
* mkstemp: (libc)Temporary Files.
|
* mktemp: (libc)Temporary Files.
|
* mktime: (libc)Broken-down Time.
|
* mlock2: (libc)Page Lock Functions.
|
* mlock: (libc)Page Lock Functions.
|
* mlockall: (libc)Page Lock Functions.
|
* mmap64: (libc)Memory-mapped I/O.
|
* mmap: (libc)Memory-mapped I/O.
|
* modf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* modff: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* modffN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* modffNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* modfl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* mount: (libc)Mount-Unmount-Remount.
|
* mprobe: (libc)Heap Consistency Checking.
|
* mprotect: (libc)Memory Protection.
|
* mrand48: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* mrand48_r: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* mremap: (libc)Memory-mapped I/O.
|
* msync: (libc)Memory-mapped I/O.
|
* mtrace: (libc)Tracing malloc.
|
* mtx_destroy: (libc)ISO C Mutexes.
|
* mtx_init: (libc)ISO C Mutexes.
|
* mtx_lock: (libc)ISO C Mutexes.
|
* mtx_timedlock: (libc)ISO C Mutexes.
|
* mtx_trylock: (libc)ISO C Mutexes.
|
* mtx_unlock: (libc)ISO C Mutexes.
|
* munlock: (libc)Page Lock Functions.
|
* munlockall: (libc)Page Lock Functions.
|
* munmap: (libc)Memory-mapped I/O.
|
* muntrace: (libc)Tracing malloc.
|
* nan: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nanf: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nanfN: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nanfNx: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nanl: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nanosleep: (libc)Sleeping.
|
* nearbyint: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* nearbyintf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* nearbyintfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* nearbyintfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* nearbyintl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* nextafter: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextafterf: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextafterfN: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextafterfNx: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextafterl: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextdown: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextdownf: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextdownfN: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextdownfNx: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextdownl: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nexttoward: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nexttowardf: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nexttowardl: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextup: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextupf: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextupfN: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextupfNx: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nextupl: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* nftw64: (libc)Working with Directory Trees.
|
* nftw: (libc)Working with Directory Trees.
|
* ngettext: (libc)Advanced gettext functions.
|
* nice: (libc)Traditional Scheduling Functions.
|
* nl_langinfo: (libc)The Elegant and Fast Way.
|
* nrand48: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* nrand48_r: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* ntohl: (libc)Byte Order.
|
* ntohs: (libc)Byte Order.
|
* ntp_adjtime: (libc)Setting and Adjusting the Time.
|
* ntp_gettime: (libc)Setting and Adjusting the Time.
|
* obstack_1grow: (libc)Growing Objects.
|
* obstack_1grow_fast: (libc)Extra Fast Growing.
|
* obstack_alignment_mask: (libc)Obstacks Data Alignment.
|
* obstack_alloc: (libc)Allocation in an Obstack.
|
* obstack_base: (libc)Status of an Obstack.
|
* obstack_blank: (libc)Growing Objects.
|
* obstack_blank_fast: (libc)Extra Fast Growing.
|
* obstack_chunk_size: (libc)Obstack Chunks.
|
* obstack_copy0: (libc)Allocation in an Obstack.
|
* obstack_copy: (libc)Allocation in an Obstack.
|
* obstack_finish: (libc)Growing Objects.
|
* obstack_free: (libc)Freeing Obstack Objects.
|
* obstack_grow0: (libc)Growing Objects.
|
* obstack_grow: (libc)Growing Objects.
|
* obstack_init: (libc)Preparing for Obstacks.
|
* obstack_int_grow: (libc)Growing Objects.
|
* obstack_int_grow_fast: (libc)Extra Fast Growing.
|
* obstack_next_free: (libc)Status of an Obstack.
|
* obstack_object_size: (libc)Growing Objects.
|
* obstack_object_size: (libc)Status of an Obstack.
|
* obstack_printf: (libc)Dynamic Output.
|
* obstack_ptr_grow: (libc)Growing Objects.
|
* obstack_ptr_grow_fast: (libc)Extra Fast Growing.
|
* obstack_room: (libc)Extra Fast Growing.
|
* obstack_vprintf: (libc)Variable Arguments Output.
|
* offsetof: (libc)Structure Measurement.
|
* on_exit: (libc)Cleanups on Exit.
|
* open64: (libc)Opening and Closing Files.
|
* open: (libc)Opening and Closing Files.
|
* open_memstream: (libc)String Streams.
|
* opendir: (libc)Opening a Directory.
|
* openlog: (libc)openlog.
|
* openpty: (libc)Pseudo-Terminal Pairs.
|
* parse_printf_format: (libc)Parsing a Template String.
|
* pathconf: (libc)Pathconf.
|
* pause: (libc)Using Pause.
|
* pclose: (libc)Pipe to a Subprocess.
|
* perror: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* pipe: (libc)Creating a Pipe.
|
* pkey_alloc: (libc)Memory Protection.
|
* pkey_free: (libc)Memory Protection.
|
* pkey_get: (libc)Memory Protection.
|
* pkey_mprotect: (libc)Memory Protection.
|
* pkey_set: (libc)Memory Protection.
|
* popen: (libc)Pipe to a Subprocess.
|
* posix_fallocate64: (libc)Storage Allocation.
|
* posix_fallocate: (libc)Storage Allocation.
|
* posix_memalign: (libc)Aligned Memory Blocks.
|
* pow: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* powf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* powfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* powfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* powl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* pread64: (libc)I/O Primitives.
|
* pread: (libc)I/O Primitives.
|
* preadv2: (libc)Scatter-Gather.
|
* preadv64: (libc)Scatter-Gather.
|
* preadv64v2: (libc)Scatter-Gather.
|
* preadv: (libc)Scatter-Gather.
|
* printf: (libc)Formatted Output Functions.
|
* printf_size: (libc)Predefined Printf Handlers.
|
* printf_size_info: (libc)Predefined Printf Handlers.
|
* psignal: (libc)Signal Messages.
|
* pthread_attr_getsigmask_np: (libc)Initial Thread Signal Mask.
|
* pthread_attr_setsigmask_np: (libc)Initial Thread Signal Mask.
|
* pthread_clockjoin_np: (libc)Waiting with Explicit Clocks.
|
* pthread_cond_clockwait: (libc)Waiting with Explicit Clocks.
|
* pthread_getattr_default_np: (libc)Default Thread Attributes.
|
* pthread_getspecific: (libc)Thread-specific Data.
|
* pthread_key_create: (libc)Thread-specific Data.
|
* pthread_key_delete: (libc)Thread-specific Data.
|
* pthread_rwlock_clockrdlock: (libc)Waiting with Explicit Clocks.
|
* pthread_rwlock_clockwrlock: (libc)Waiting with Explicit Clocks.
|
* pthread_setattr_default_np: (libc)Default Thread Attributes.
|
* pthread_setspecific: (libc)Thread-specific Data.
|
* pthread_timedjoin_np: (libc)Waiting with Explicit Clocks.
|
* pthread_tryjoin_np: (libc)Waiting with Explicit Clocks.
|
* ptsname: (libc)Allocation.
|
* ptsname_r: (libc)Allocation.
|
* putc: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* putc_unlocked: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* putchar: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* putchar_unlocked: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* putenv: (libc)Environment Access.
|
* putpwent: (libc)Writing a User Entry.
|
* puts: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* pututline: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* pututxline: (libc)XPG Functions.
|
* putw: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* putwc: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* putwc_unlocked: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* putwchar: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* putwchar_unlocked: (libc)Simple Output.
|
* pwrite64: (libc)I/O Primitives.
|
* pwrite: (libc)I/O Primitives.
|
* pwritev2: (libc)Scatter-Gather.
|
* pwritev64: (libc)Scatter-Gather.
|
* pwritev64v2: (libc)Scatter-Gather.
|
* pwritev: (libc)Scatter-Gather.
|
* qecvt: (libc)System V Number Conversion.
|
* qecvt_r: (libc)System V Number Conversion.
|
* qfcvt: (libc)System V Number Conversion.
|
* qfcvt_r: (libc)System V Number Conversion.
|
* qgcvt: (libc)System V Number Conversion.
|
* qsort: (libc)Array Sort Function.
|
* raise: (libc)Signaling Yourself.
|
* rand: (libc)ISO Random.
|
* rand_r: (libc)ISO Random.
|
* random: (libc)BSD Random.
|
* random_r: (libc)BSD Random.
|
* rawmemchr: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* read: (libc)I/O Primitives.
|
* readdir64: (libc)Reading/Closing Directory.
|
* readdir64_r: (libc)Reading/Closing Directory.
|
* readdir: (libc)Reading/Closing Directory.
|
* readdir_r: (libc)Reading/Closing Directory.
|
* readlink: (libc)Symbolic Links.
|
* readv: (libc)Scatter-Gather.
|
* realloc: (libc)Changing Block Size.
|
* reallocarray: (libc)Changing Block Size.
|
* realpath: (libc)Symbolic Links.
|
* recv: (libc)Receiving Data.
|
* recvfrom: (libc)Receiving Datagrams.
|
* recvmsg: (libc)Receiving Datagrams.
|
* regcomp: (libc)POSIX Regexp Compilation.
|
* regerror: (libc)Regexp Cleanup.
|
* regexec: (libc)Matching POSIX Regexps.
|
* regfree: (libc)Regexp Cleanup.
|
* register_printf_function: (libc)Registering New Conversions.
|
* remainder: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* remainderf: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* remainderfN: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* remainderfNx: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* remainderl: (libc)Remainder Functions.
|
* remove: (libc)Deleting Files.
|
* rename: (libc)Renaming Files.
|
* rewind: (libc)File Positioning.
|
* rewinddir: (libc)Random Access Directory.
|
* rindex: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* rint: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* rintf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* rintfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* rintfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* rintl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* rmdir: (libc)Deleting Files.
|
* round: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* roundeven: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* roundevenf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* roundevenfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* roundevenfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* roundevenl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* roundf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* roundfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* roundfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* roundl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* rpmatch: (libc)Yes-or-No Questions.
|
* sbrk: (libc)Resizing the Data Segment.
|
* scalb: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalbf: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalbl: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalbln: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalblnf: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalblnfN: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalblnfNx: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalblnl: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalbn: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalbnf: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalbnfN: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalbnfNx: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scalbnl: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* scandir64: (libc)Scanning Directory Content.
|
* scandir: (libc)Scanning Directory Content.
|
* scanf: (libc)Formatted Input Functions.
|
* sched_get_priority_max: (libc)Basic Scheduling Functions.
|
* sched_get_priority_min: (libc)Basic Scheduling Functions.
|
* sched_getaffinity: (libc)CPU Affinity.
|
* sched_getparam: (libc)Basic Scheduling Functions.
|
* sched_getscheduler: (libc)Basic Scheduling Functions.
|
* sched_rr_get_interval: (libc)Basic Scheduling Functions.
|
* sched_setaffinity: (libc)CPU Affinity.
|
* sched_setparam: (libc)Basic Scheduling Functions.
|
* sched_setscheduler: (libc)Basic Scheduling Functions.
|
* sched_yield: (libc)Basic Scheduling Functions.
|
* secure_getenv: (libc)Environment Access.
|
* seed48: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* seed48_r: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* seekdir: (libc)Random Access Directory.
|
* select: (libc)Waiting for I/O.
|
* sem_clockwait: (libc)Waiting with Explicit Clocks.
|
* sem_close: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* sem_destroy: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* sem_getvalue: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* sem_init: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* sem_open: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* sem_post: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* sem_timedwait: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* sem_trywait: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* sem_unlink: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* sem_wait: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* semctl: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* semget: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* semop: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* semtimedop: (libc)Semaphores.
|
* send: (libc)Sending Data.
|
* sendmsg: (libc)Receiving Datagrams.
|
* sendto: (libc)Sending Datagrams.
|
* setbuf: (libc)Controlling Buffering.
|
* setbuffer: (libc)Controlling Buffering.
|
* setcontext: (libc)System V contexts.
|
* setdomainname: (libc)Host Identification.
|
* setegid: (libc)Setting Groups.
|
* setenv: (libc)Environment Access.
|
* seteuid: (libc)Setting User ID.
|
* setfsent: (libc)fstab.
|
* setgid: (libc)Setting Groups.
|
* setgrent: (libc)Scanning All Groups.
|
* setgroups: (libc)Setting Groups.
|
* sethostent: (libc)Host Names.
|
* sethostid: (libc)Host Identification.
|
* sethostname: (libc)Host Identification.
|
* setitimer: (libc)Setting an Alarm.
|
* setjmp: (libc)Non-Local Details.
|
* setlinebuf: (libc)Controlling Buffering.
|
* setlocale: (libc)Setting the Locale.
|
* setlogmask: (libc)setlogmask.
|
* setmntent: (libc)mtab.
|
* setnetent: (libc)Networks Database.
|
* setnetgrent: (libc)Lookup Netgroup.
|
* setpayload: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* setpayloadf: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* setpayloadfN: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* setpayloadfNx: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* setpayloadl: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* setpayloadsig: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* setpayloadsigf: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* setpayloadsigfN: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* setpayloadsigfNx: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* setpayloadsigl: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* setpgid: (libc)Process Group Functions.
|
* setpgrp: (libc)Process Group Functions.
|
* setpriority: (libc)Traditional Scheduling Functions.
|
* setprotoent: (libc)Protocols Database.
|
* setpwent: (libc)Scanning All Users.
|
* setregid: (libc)Setting Groups.
|
* setreuid: (libc)Setting User ID.
|
* setrlimit64: (libc)Limits on Resources.
|
* setrlimit: (libc)Limits on Resources.
|
* setservent: (libc)Services Database.
|
* setsid: (libc)Process Group Functions.
|
* setsockopt: (libc)Socket Option Functions.
|
* setstate: (libc)BSD Random.
|
* setstate_r: (libc)BSD Random.
|
* settimeofday: (libc)Setting and Adjusting the Time.
|
* setuid: (libc)Setting User ID.
|
* setutent: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* setutxent: (libc)XPG Functions.
|
* setvbuf: (libc)Controlling Buffering.
|
* shm_open: (libc)Memory-mapped I/O.
|
* shm_unlink: (libc)Memory-mapped I/O.
|
* shutdown: (libc)Closing a Socket.
|
* sigabbrev_np: (libc)Signal Messages.
|
* sigaction: (libc)Advanced Signal Handling.
|
* sigaddset: (libc)Signal Sets.
|
* sigaltstack: (libc)Signal Stack.
|
* sigblock: (libc)BSD Signal Handling.
|
* sigdelset: (libc)Signal Sets.
|
* sigdescr_np: (libc)Signal Messages.
|
* sigemptyset: (libc)Signal Sets.
|
* sigfillset: (libc)Signal Sets.
|
* siginterrupt: (libc)BSD Signal Handling.
|
* sigismember: (libc)Signal Sets.
|
* siglongjmp: (libc)Non-Local Exits and Signals.
|
* sigmask: (libc)BSD Signal Handling.
|
* signal: (libc)Basic Signal Handling.
|
* signbit: (libc)FP Bit Twiddling.
|
* significand: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* significandf: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* significandl: (libc)Normalization Functions.
|
* sigpause: (libc)BSD Signal Handling.
|
* sigpending: (libc)Checking for Pending Signals.
|
* sigprocmask: (libc)Process Signal Mask.
|
* sigsetjmp: (libc)Non-Local Exits and Signals.
|
* sigsetmask: (libc)BSD Signal Handling.
|
* sigstack: (libc)Signal Stack.
|
* sigsuspend: (libc)Sigsuspend.
|
* sin: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* sincos: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* sincosf: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* sincosfN: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* sincosfNx: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* sincosl: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* sinf: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* sinfN: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* sinfNx: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* sinh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* sinhf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* sinhfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* sinhfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* sinhl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* sinl: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* sleep: (libc)Sleeping.
|
* snprintf: (libc)Formatted Output Functions.
|
* socket: (libc)Creating a Socket.
|
* socketpair: (libc)Socket Pairs.
|
* sprintf: (libc)Formatted Output Functions.
|
* sqrt: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* sqrtf: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* sqrtfN: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* sqrtfNx: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* sqrtl: (libc)Exponents and Logarithms.
|
* srand48: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* srand48_r: (libc)SVID Random.
|
* srand: (libc)ISO Random.
|
* srandom: (libc)BSD Random.
|
* srandom_r: (libc)BSD Random.
|
* sscanf: (libc)Formatted Input Functions.
|
* ssignal: (libc)Basic Signal Handling.
|
* stat64: (libc)Reading Attributes.
|
* stat: (libc)Reading Attributes.
|
* stime: (libc)Setting and Adjusting the Time.
|
* stpcpy: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* stpncpy: (libc)Truncating Strings.
|
* strcasecmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* strcasestr: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* strcat: (libc)Concatenating Strings.
|
* strchr: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* strchrnul: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* strcmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* strcoll: (libc)Collation Functions.
|
* strcpy: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* strcspn: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* strdup: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* strdupa: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* strerror: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* strerror_r: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* strerrordesc_np: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* strerrorname_np: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* strfmon: (libc)Formatting Numbers.
|
* strfromd: (libc)Printing of Floats.
|
* strfromf: (libc)Printing of Floats.
|
* strfromfN: (libc)Printing of Floats.
|
* strfromfNx: (libc)Printing of Floats.
|
* strfroml: (libc)Printing of Floats.
|
* strfry: (libc)Shuffling Bytes.
|
* strftime: (libc)Formatting Calendar Time.
|
* strlen: (libc)String Length.
|
* strncasecmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* strncat: (libc)Truncating Strings.
|
* strncmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* strncpy: (libc)Truncating Strings.
|
* strndup: (libc)Truncating Strings.
|
* strndupa: (libc)Truncating Strings.
|
* strnlen: (libc)String Length.
|
* strpbrk: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* strptime: (libc)Low-Level Time String Parsing.
|
* strrchr: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* strsep: (libc)Finding Tokens in a String.
|
* strsignal: (libc)Signal Messages.
|
* strspn: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* strstr: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* strtod: (libc)Parsing of Floats.
|
* strtof: (libc)Parsing of Floats.
|
* strtofN: (libc)Parsing of Floats.
|
* strtofNx: (libc)Parsing of Floats.
|
* strtoimax: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* strtok: (libc)Finding Tokens in a String.
|
* strtok_r: (libc)Finding Tokens in a String.
|
* strtol: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* strtold: (libc)Parsing of Floats.
|
* strtoll: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* strtoq: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* strtoul: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* strtoull: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* strtoumax: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* strtouq: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* strverscmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* strxfrm: (libc)Collation Functions.
|
* stty: (libc)BSD Terminal Modes.
|
* swapcontext: (libc)System V contexts.
|
* swprintf: (libc)Formatted Output Functions.
|
* swscanf: (libc)Formatted Input Functions.
|
* symlink: (libc)Symbolic Links.
|
* sync: (libc)Synchronizing I/O.
|
* syscall: (libc)System Calls.
|
* sysconf: (libc)Sysconf Definition.
|
* syslog: (libc)syslog; vsyslog.
|
* system: (libc)Running a Command.
|
* sysv_signal: (libc)Basic Signal Handling.
|
* tan: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* tanf: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* tanfN: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* tanfNx: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* tanh: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* tanhf: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* tanhfN: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* tanhfNx: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* tanhl: (libc)Hyperbolic Functions.
|
* tanl: (libc)Trig Functions.
|
* tcdrain: (libc)Line Control.
|
* tcflow: (libc)Line Control.
|
* tcflush: (libc)Line Control.
|
* tcgetattr: (libc)Mode Functions.
|
* tcgetpgrp: (libc)Terminal Access Functions.
|
* tcgetsid: (libc)Terminal Access Functions.
|
* tcsendbreak: (libc)Line Control.
|
* tcsetattr: (libc)Mode Functions.
|
* tcsetpgrp: (libc)Terminal Access Functions.
|
* tdelete: (libc)Tree Search Function.
|
* tdestroy: (libc)Tree Search Function.
|
* telldir: (libc)Random Access Directory.
|
* tempnam: (libc)Temporary Files.
|
* textdomain: (libc)Locating gettext catalog.
|
* tfind: (libc)Tree Search Function.
|
* tgamma: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* tgammaf: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* tgammafN: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* tgammafNx: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* tgammal: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* tgkill: (libc)Signaling Another Process.
|
* thrd_create: (libc)ISO C Thread Management.
|
* thrd_current: (libc)ISO C Thread Management.
|
* thrd_detach: (libc)ISO C Thread Management.
|
* thrd_equal: (libc)ISO C Thread Management.
|
* thrd_exit: (libc)ISO C Thread Management.
|
* thrd_join: (libc)ISO C Thread Management.
|
* thrd_sleep: (libc)ISO C Thread Management.
|
* thrd_yield: (libc)ISO C Thread Management.
|
* time: (libc)Getting the Time.
|
* timegm: (libc)Broken-down Time.
|
* timelocal: (libc)Broken-down Time.
|
* times: (libc)Processor Time.
|
* tmpfile64: (libc)Temporary Files.
|
* tmpfile: (libc)Temporary Files.
|
* tmpnam: (libc)Temporary Files.
|
* tmpnam_r: (libc)Temporary Files.
|
* toascii: (libc)Case Conversion.
|
* tolower: (libc)Case Conversion.
|
* totalorder: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* totalorderf: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* totalorderfN: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* totalorderfNx: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* totalorderl: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* totalordermag: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* totalordermagf: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* totalordermagfN: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* totalordermagfNx: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* totalordermagl: (libc)FP Comparison Functions.
|
* toupper: (libc)Case Conversion.
|
* towctrans: (libc)Wide Character Case Conversion.
|
* towlower: (libc)Wide Character Case Conversion.
|
* towupper: (libc)Wide Character Case Conversion.
|
* trunc: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* truncate64: (libc)File Size.
|
* truncate: (libc)File Size.
|
* truncf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* truncfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* truncfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* truncl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* tsearch: (libc)Tree Search Function.
|
* tss_create: (libc)ISO C Thread-local Storage.
|
* tss_delete: (libc)ISO C Thread-local Storage.
|
* tss_get: (libc)ISO C Thread-local Storage.
|
* tss_set: (libc)ISO C Thread-local Storage.
|
* ttyname: (libc)Is It a Terminal.
|
* ttyname_r: (libc)Is It a Terminal.
|
* twalk: (libc)Tree Search Function.
|
* twalk_r: (libc)Tree Search Function.
|
* tzset: (libc)Time Zone Functions.
|
* ufromfp: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ufromfpf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ufromfpfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ufromfpfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ufromfpl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ufromfpx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ufromfpxf: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ufromfpxfN: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ufromfpxfNx: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ufromfpxl: (libc)Rounding Functions.
|
* ulimit: (libc)Limits on Resources.
|
* umask: (libc)Setting Permissions.
|
* umount2: (libc)Mount-Unmount-Remount.
|
* umount: (libc)Mount-Unmount-Remount.
|
* uname: (libc)Platform Type.
|
* ungetc: (libc)How Unread.
|
* ungetwc: (libc)How Unread.
|
* unlink: (libc)Deleting Files.
|
* unlockpt: (libc)Allocation.
|
* unsetenv: (libc)Environment Access.
|
* updwtmp: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* utime: (libc)File Times.
|
* utimes: (libc)File Times.
|
* utmpname: (libc)Manipulating the Database.
|
* utmpxname: (libc)XPG Functions.
|
* va_arg: (libc)Argument Macros.
|
* va_copy: (libc)Argument Macros.
|
* va_end: (libc)Argument Macros.
|
* va_start: (libc)Argument Macros.
|
* valloc: (libc)Aligned Memory Blocks.
|
* vasprintf: (libc)Variable Arguments Output.
|
* verr: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* verrx: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* versionsort64: (libc)Scanning Directory Content.
|
* versionsort: (libc)Scanning Directory Content.
|
* vfork: (libc)Creating a Process.
|
* vfprintf: (libc)Variable Arguments Output.
|
* vfscanf: (libc)Variable Arguments Input.
|
* vfwprintf: (libc)Variable Arguments Output.
|
* vfwscanf: (libc)Variable Arguments Input.
|
* vlimit: (libc)Limits on Resources.
|
* vprintf: (libc)Variable Arguments Output.
|
* vscanf: (libc)Variable Arguments Input.
|
* vsnprintf: (libc)Variable Arguments Output.
|
* vsprintf: (libc)Variable Arguments Output.
|
* vsscanf: (libc)Variable Arguments Input.
|
* vswprintf: (libc)Variable Arguments Output.
|
* vswscanf: (libc)Variable Arguments Input.
|
* vsyslog: (libc)syslog; vsyslog.
|
* vwarn: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* vwarnx: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* vwprintf: (libc)Variable Arguments Output.
|
* vwscanf: (libc)Variable Arguments Input.
|
* wait3: (libc)BSD Wait Functions.
|
* wait4: (libc)Process Completion.
|
* wait: (libc)Process Completion.
|
* waitpid: (libc)Process Completion.
|
* warn: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* warnx: (libc)Error Messages.
|
* wcpcpy: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* wcpncpy: (libc)Truncating Strings.
|
* wcrtomb: (libc)Converting a Character.
|
* wcscasecmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* wcscat: (libc)Concatenating Strings.
|
* wcschr: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* wcschrnul: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* wcscmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* wcscoll: (libc)Collation Functions.
|
* wcscpy: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* wcscspn: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* wcsdup: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* wcsftime: (libc)Formatting Calendar Time.
|
* wcslen: (libc)String Length.
|
* wcsncasecmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* wcsncat: (libc)Truncating Strings.
|
* wcsncmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* wcsncpy: (libc)Truncating Strings.
|
* wcsnlen: (libc)String Length.
|
* wcsnrtombs: (libc)Converting Strings.
|
* wcspbrk: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* wcsrchr: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* wcsrtombs: (libc)Converting Strings.
|
* wcsspn: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* wcsstr: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* wcstod: (libc)Parsing of Floats.
|
* wcstof: (libc)Parsing of Floats.
|
* wcstofN: (libc)Parsing of Floats.
|
* wcstofNx: (libc)Parsing of Floats.
|
* wcstoimax: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* wcstok: (libc)Finding Tokens in a String.
|
* wcstol: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* wcstold: (libc)Parsing of Floats.
|
* wcstoll: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* wcstombs: (libc)Non-reentrant String Conversion.
|
* wcstoq: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* wcstoul: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* wcstoull: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* wcstoumax: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* wcstouq: (libc)Parsing of Integers.
|
* wcswcs: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* wcsxfrm: (libc)Collation Functions.
|
* wctob: (libc)Converting a Character.
|
* wctomb: (libc)Non-reentrant Character Conversion.
|
* wctrans: (libc)Wide Character Case Conversion.
|
* wctype: (libc)Classification of Wide Characters.
|
* wmemchr: (libc)Search Functions.
|
* wmemcmp: (libc)String/Array Comparison.
|
* wmemcpy: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* wmemmove: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* wmempcpy: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* wmemset: (libc)Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
* wordexp: (libc)Calling Wordexp.
|
* wordfree: (libc)Calling Wordexp.
|
* wprintf: (libc)Formatted Output Functions.
|
* write: (libc)I/O Primitives.
|
* writev: (libc)Scatter-Gather.
|
* wscanf: (libc)Formatted Input Functions.
|
* y0: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* y0f: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* y0fN: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* y0fNx: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* y0l: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* y1: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* y1f: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* y1fN: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* y1fNx: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* y1l: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* yn: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* ynf: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* ynfN: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* ynfNx: (libc)Special Functions.
|
* ynl: (libc)Special Functions.
|
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Configuring and compiling, Next: Running make install, Up: Installation
|
|
C.1 Configuring and compiling the GNU C Library
|
===============================================
|
|
The GNU C Library cannot be compiled in the source directory. You must
|
build it in a separate build directory. For example, if you have
|
unpacked the GNU C Library sources in ‘/src/gnu/glibc-VERSION’, create a
|
directory ‘/src/gnu/glibc-build’ to put the object files in. This
|
allows removing the whole build directory in case an error occurs, which
|
is the safest way to get a fresh start and should always be done.
|
|
From your object directory, run the shell script ‘configure’ located
|
at the top level of the source tree. In the scenario above, you’d type
|
|
$ ../glibc-VERSION/configure ARGS…
|
|
Please note that even though you’re building in a separate build
|
directory, the compilation may need to create or modify files and
|
directories in the source directory.
|
|
‘configure’ takes many options, but the only one that is usually
|
mandatory is ‘--prefix’. This option tells ‘configure’ where you want
|
the GNU C Library installed. This defaults to ‘/usr/local’, but the
|
normal setting to install as the standard system library is
|
‘--prefix=/usr’ for GNU/Linux systems and ‘--prefix=’ (an empty prefix)
|
for GNU/Hurd systems.
|
|
It may also be useful to pass ‘CC=COMPILER’ and ‘CFLAGS=FLAGS’
|
arguments to ‘configure’. ‘CC’ selects the C compiler that will be
|
used, and ‘CFLAGS’ sets optimization options for the compiler. Any
|
compiler options required for all compilations, such as options
|
selecting an ABI or a processor for which to generate code, should be
|
included in ‘CC’. Options that may be overridden by the GNU C Library
|
build system for particular files, such as for optimization and
|
debugging, should go in ‘CFLAGS’. The default value of ‘CFLAGS’ is ‘-g
|
-O2’, and the GNU C Library cannot be compiled without optimization, so
|
if ‘CFLAGS’ is specified it must enable optimization. For example:
|
|
$ ../glibc-VERSION/configure CC="gcc -m32" CFLAGS="-O3"
|
|
The following list describes all of the available options for
|
‘configure’:
|
|
‘--prefix=DIRECTORY’
|
Install machine-independent data files in subdirectories of
|
‘DIRECTORY’. The default is to install in ‘/usr/local’.
|
|
‘--exec-prefix=DIRECTORY’
|
Install the library and other machine-dependent files in
|
subdirectories of ‘DIRECTORY’. The default is to the ‘--prefix’
|
directory if that option is specified, or ‘/usr/local’ otherwise.
|
|
‘--with-headers=DIRECTORY’
|
Look for kernel header files in DIRECTORY, not ‘/usr/include’. The
|
GNU C Library needs information from the kernel’s header files
|
describing the interface to the kernel. The GNU C Library will
|
normally look in ‘/usr/include’ for them, but if you specify this
|
option, it will look in DIRECTORY instead.
|
|
This option is primarily of use on a system where the headers in
|
‘/usr/include’ come from an older version of the GNU C Library.
|
Conflicts can occasionally happen in this case. You can also use
|
this option if you want to compile the GNU C Library with a newer
|
set of kernel headers than the ones found in ‘/usr/include’.
|
|
‘--enable-kernel=VERSION’
|
This option is currently only useful on GNU/Linux systems. The
|
VERSION parameter should have the form X.Y.Z and describes the
|
smallest version of the Linux kernel the generated library is
|
expected to support. The higher the VERSION number is, the less
|
compatibility code is added, and the faster the code gets.
|
|
‘--with-binutils=DIRECTORY’
|
Use the binutils (assembler and linker) in ‘DIRECTORY’, not the
|
ones the C compiler would default to. You can use this option if
|
the default binutils on your system cannot deal with all the
|
constructs in the GNU C Library. In that case, ‘configure’ will
|
detect the problem and suppress these constructs, so that the
|
library will still be usable, but functionality may be lost—for
|
example, you can’t build a shared libc with old binutils.
|
|
‘--with-nonshared-cflags=CFLAGS’
|
Use additional compiler flags CFLAGS to build the parts of the
|
library which are always statically linked into applications and
|
libraries even with shared linking (that is, the object files
|
contained in ‘lib*_nonshared.a’ libraries). The build process will
|
automatically use the appropriate flags, but this option can be
|
used to set additional flags required for building applications and
|
libraries, to match local policy. For example, if such a policy
|
requires that all code linked into applications must be built with
|
source fortification,
|
‘--with-nonshared-cflags=-Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2’ will make sure
|
that the objects in ‘libc_nonshared.a’ are compiled with this flag
|
(although this will not affect the generated code in this
|
particular case and potentially change debugging information and
|
metadata only).
|
|
‘--disable-shared’
|
Don’t build shared libraries even if it is possible. Not all
|
systems support shared libraries; you need ELF support and
|
(currently) the GNU linker.
|
|
‘--enable-static-pie’
|
Enable static position independent executable (static PIE) support.
|
Static PIE is similar to static executable, but can be loaded at
|
any address without help from a dynamic linker. All static
|
programs as well as static tests are built as static PIE, except
|
for those marked with no-pie. The resulting glibc can be used with
|
the GCC option, -static-pie, which is available with GCC 8 or
|
above, to create static PIE. This option also implies that glibc
|
programs and tests are created as dynamic position independent
|
executables (PIE) by default.
|
|
‘--enable-cet’
|
‘--enable-cet=permissive’
|
Enable Intel Control-flow Enforcement Technology (CET) support.
|
When the GNU C Library is built with ‘--enable-cet’ or
|
‘--enable-cet=permissive’, the resulting library is protected with
|
indirect branch tracking (IBT) and shadow stack (SHSTK). When CET
|
is enabled, the GNU C Library is compatible with all existing
|
executables and shared libraries. This feature is currently
|
supported on i386, x86_64 and x32 with GCC 8 and binutils 2.29 or
|
later. Note that when CET is enabled, the GNU C Library requires
|
CPUs capable of multi-byte NOPs, like x86-64 processors as well as
|
Intel Pentium Pro or newer. With ‘--enable-cet’, it is an error to
|
dlopen a non CET enabled shared library in CET enabled application.
|
With ‘--enable-cet=permissive’, CET is disabled when dlopening a
|
non CET enabled shared library in CET enabled application.
|
|
NOTE: ‘--enable-cet’ has been tested for i686, x86_64 and x32 on
|
non-CET processors. ‘--enable-cet’ has been tested for i686,
|
x86_64 and x32 on CET processors.
|
|
‘--enable-memory-tagging’
|
Enable memory tagging support if the architecture supports it.
|
When the GNU C Library is built with this option then the resulting
|
library will be able to control the use of tagged memory when
|
hardware support is present by use of the tunable
|
‘glibc.mem.tagging’. This includes the generation of tagged memory
|
when using the ‘malloc’ APIs.
|
|
At present only AArch64 platforms with MTE provide this
|
functionality, although the library will still operate (without
|
memory tagging) on older versions of the architecture.
|
|
The default is to disable support for memory tagging.
|
|
‘--disable-profile’
|
Don’t build libraries with profiling information. You may want to
|
use this option if you don’t plan to do profiling.
|
|
‘--enable-static-nss’
|
Compile static versions of the NSS (Name Service Switch) libraries.
|
This is not recommended because it defeats the purpose of NSS; a
|
program linked statically with the NSS libraries cannot be
|
dynamically reconfigured to use a different name database.
|
|
‘--enable-hardcoded-path-in-tests’
|
By default, dynamic tests are linked to run with the installed C
|
library. This option hardcodes the newly built C library path in
|
dynamic tests so that they can be invoked directly.
|
|
‘--disable-timezone-tools’
|
By default, timezone related utilities (‘zic’, ‘zdump’, and
|
‘tzselect’) are installed with the GNU C Library. If you are
|
building these independently (e.g. by using the ‘tzcode’ package),
|
then this option will allow disabling the install of these.
|
|
Note that you need to make sure the external tools are kept in sync
|
with the versions that the GNU C Library expects as the data
|
formats may change over time. Consult the ‘timezone’ subdirectory
|
for more details.
|
|
‘--enable-stack-protector’
|
‘--enable-stack-protector=strong’
|
‘--enable-stack-protector=all’
|
Compile the C library and all other parts of the glibc package
|
(including the threading and math libraries, NSS modules, and
|
transliteration modules) using the GCC ‘-fstack-protector’,
|
‘-fstack-protector-strong’ or ‘-fstack-protector-all’ options to
|
detect stack overruns. Only the dynamic linker and a small number
|
of routines called directly from assembler are excluded from this
|
protection.
|
|
‘--enable-bind-now’
|
Disable lazy binding for installed shared objects and programs.
|
This provides additional security hardening because it enables full
|
RELRO and a read-only global offset table (GOT), at the cost of
|
slightly increased program load times.
|
|
‘--enable-pt_chown’
|
The file ‘pt_chown’ is a helper binary for ‘grantpt’ (*note
|
Pseudo-Terminals: Allocation.) that is installed setuid root to fix
|
up pseudo-terminal ownership on GNU/Hurd. It is not required on
|
GNU/Linux, and the GNU C Library will not use the installed
|
‘pt_chown’ program when configured with ‘--enable-pt_chown’.
|
|
‘--disable-werror’
|
By default, the GNU C Library is built with ‘-Werror’. If you wish
|
to build without this option (for example, if building with a newer
|
version of GCC than this version of the GNU C Library was tested
|
with, so new warnings cause the build with ‘-Werror’ to fail), you
|
can configure with ‘--disable-werror’.
|
|
‘--disable-mathvec’
|
By default for x86_64, the GNU C Library is built with the vector
|
math library. Use this option to disable the vector math library.
|
|
‘--enable-tunables’
|
Tunables support allows additional library parameters to be
|
customized at runtime. This feature is enabled by default. This
|
option can take the following values:
|
|
‘yes’
|
This is the default if no option is passed to configure. This
|
enables tunables and selects the default frontend (currently
|
‘valstring’).
|
|
‘no’
|
This option disables tunables.
|
|
‘valstring’
|
This enables tunables and selects the ‘valstring’ frontend for
|
tunables. This frontend allows users to specify tunables as a
|
colon-separated list in a single environment variable
|
‘GLIBC_TUNABLES’.
|
|
‘--disable-crypt’
|
Do not install the passphrase-hashing library ‘libcrypt’ or the
|
header file ‘crypt.h’. ‘unistd.h’ will still declare the function
|
‘crypt’. Using this option does not change the set of programs
|
that may need to be linked with ‘-lcrypt’; it only means that the
|
GNU C Library will not provide that library.
|
|
This option is for hackers and distributions experimenting with
|
independently-maintained implementations of libcrypt. It may
|
become the default in a future release.
|
|
‘--disable-experimental-malloc’
|
By default, a per-thread cache is enabled in ‘malloc’. While this
|
cache can be disabled on a per-application basis using tunables
|
(set glibc.malloc.tcache_count to zero), this option can be used to
|
remove it from the build completely.
|
|
‘--build=BUILD-SYSTEM’
|
‘--host=HOST-SYSTEM’
|
These options are for cross-compiling. If you specify both options
|
and BUILD-SYSTEM is different from HOST-SYSTEM, ‘configure’ will
|
prepare to cross-compile the GNU C Library from BUILD-SYSTEM to be
|
used on HOST-SYSTEM. You’ll probably need the ‘--with-headers’
|
option too, and you may have to override CONFIGURE’s selection of
|
the compiler and/or binutils.
|
|
If you only specify ‘--host’, ‘configure’ will prepare for a native
|
compile but use what you specify instead of guessing what your
|
system is. This is most useful to change the CPU submodel. For
|
example, if ‘configure’ guesses your machine as ‘i686-pc-linux-gnu’
|
but you want to compile a library for 586es, give
|
‘--host=i586-pc-linux-gnu’ or just ‘--host=i586-linux’ and add the
|
appropriate compiler flags (‘-mcpu=i586’ will do the trick) to
|
‘CC’.
|
|
If you specify just ‘--build’, ‘configure’ will get confused.
|
|
‘--with-pkgversion=VERSION’
|
Specify a description, possibly including a build number or build
|
date, of the binaries being built, to be included in ‘--version’
|
output from programs installed with the GNU C Library. For
|
example, ‘--with-pkgversion='FooBar GNU/Linux glibc build 123'’.
|
The default value is ‘GNU libc’.
|
|
‘--with-bugurl=URL’
|
Specify the URL that users should visit if they wish to report a
|
bug, to be included in ‘--help’ output from programs installed with
|
the GNU C Library. The default value refers to the main
|
bug-reporting information for the GNU C Library.
|
|
To build the library and related programs, type ‘make’. This will
|
produce a lot of output, some of which may look like errors from ‘make’
|
but aren’t. Look for error messages from ‘make’ containing ‘***’.
|
Those indicate that something is seriously wrong.
|
|
The compilation process can take a long time, depending on the
|
configuration and the speed of your machine. Some complex modules may
|
take a very long time to compile, as much as several minutes on slower
|
machines. Do not panic if the compiler appears to hang.
|
|
If you want to run a parallel make, simply pass the ‘-j’ option with
|
an appropriate numeric parameter to ‘make’. You need a recent GNU
|
‘make’ version, though.
|
|
To build and run test programs which exercise some of the library
|
facilities, type ‘make check’. If it does not complete successfully, do
|
not use the built library, and report a bug after verifying that the
|
problem is not already known. *Note Reporting Bugs::, for instructions
|
on reporting bugs. Note that some of the tests assume they are not
|
being run by ‘root’. We recommend you compile and test the GNU C
|
Library as an unprivileged user.
|
|
Before reporting bugs make sure there is no problem with your system.
|
The tests (and later installation) use some pre-existing files of the
|
system such as ‘/etc/passwd’, ‘/etc/nsswitch.conf’ and others. These
|
files must all contain correct and sensible content.
|
|
Normally, ‘make check’ will run all the tests before reporting all
|
problems found and exiting with error status if any problems occurred.
|
You can specify ‘stop-on-test-failure=y’ when running ‘make check’ to
|
make the test run stop and exit with an error status immediately when a
|
failure occurs.
|
|
To format the ‘GNU C Library Reference Manual’ for printing, type
|
‘make dvi’. You need a working TeX installation to do this. The
|
distribution builds the on-line formatted version of the manual, as Info
|
files, as part of the build process. You can build them manually with
|
‘make info’.
|
|
The library has a number of special-purpose configuration parameters
|
which you can find in ‘Makeconfig’. These can be overwritten with the
|
file ‘configparms’. To change them, create a ‘configparms’ in your
|
build directory and add values as appropriate for your system. The file
|
is included and parsed by ‘make’ and has to follow the conventions for
|
makefiles.
|
|
It is easy to configure the GNU C Library for cross-compilation by
|
setting a few variables in ‘configparms’. Set ‘CC’ to the
|
cross-compiler for the target you configured the library for; it is
|
important to use this same ‘CC’ value when running ‘configure’, like
|
this: ‘configure TARGET CC=TARGET-gcc’. Set ‘BUILD_CC’ to the compiler
|
to use for programs run on the build system as part of compiling the
|
library. You may need to set ‘AR’ to cross-compiling versions of ‘ar’
|
if the native tools are not configured to work with object files for the
|
target you configured for. When cross-compiling the GNU C Library, it
|
may be tested using ‘make check
|
test-wrapper="SRCDIR/scripts/cross-test-ssh.sh HOSTNAME"’, where SRCDIR
|
is the absolute directory name for the main source directory and
|
HOSTNAME is the host name of a system that can run the newly built
|
binaries of the GNU C Library. The source and build directories must be
|
visible at the same locations on both the build system and HOSTNAME.
|
|
In general, when testing the GNU C Library, ‘test-wrapper’ may be set
|
to the name and arguments of any program to run newly built binaries.
|
This program must preserve the arguments to the binary being run, its
|
working directory and the standard input, output and error file
|
descriptors. If ‘TEST-WRAPPER env’ will not work to run a program with
|
environment variables set, then ‘test-wrapper-env’ must be set to a
|
program that runs a newly built program with environment variable
|
assignments in effect, those assignments being specified as ‘VAR=VALUE’
|
before the name of the program to be run. If multiple assignments to
|
the same variable are specified, the last assignment specified must take
|
precedence. Similarly, if ‘TEST-WRAPPER env -i’ will not work to run a
|
program with an environment completely empty of variables except those
|
directly assigned, then ‘test-wrapper-env-only’ must be set; its use has
|
the same syntax as ‘test-wrapper-env’, the only difference in its
|
semantics being starting with an empty set of environment variables
|
rather than the ambient set.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Running make install, Next: Tools for Compilation, Prev: Configuring and compiling, Up: Installation
|
|
C.2 Installing the C Library
|
============================
|
|
To install the library and its header files, and the Info files of the
|
manual, type ‘make install’. This will build things, if necessary,
|
before installing them; however, you should still compile everything
|
first. If you are installing the GNU C Library as your primary C
|
library, we recommend that you shut the system down to single-user mode
|
first, and reboot afterward. This minimizes the risk of breaking things
|
when the library changes out from underneath.
|
|
‘make install’ will do the entire job of upgrading from a previous
|
installation of the GNU C Library version 2.x. There may sometimes be
|
headers left behind from the previous installation, but those are
|
generally harmless. If you want to avoid leaving headers behind you can
|
do things in the following order.
|
|
You must first build the library (‘make’), optionally check it (‘make
|
check’), switch the include directories and then install (‘make
|
install’). The steps must be done in this order. Not moving the
|
directory before install will result in an unusable mixture of header
|
files from both libraries, but configuring, building, and checking the
|
library requires the ability to compile and run programs against the old
|
library. The new ‘/usr/include’, after switching the include
|
directories and before installing the library should contain the Linux
|
headers, but nothing else. If you do this, you will need to restore any
|
headers from libraries other than the GNU C Library yourself after
|
installing the library.
|
|
You can install the GNU C Library somewhere other than where you
|
configured it to go by setting the ‘DESTDIR’ GNU standard make variable
|
on the command line for ‘make install’. The value of this variable is
|
prepended to all the paths for installation. This is useful when
|
setting up a chroot environment or preparing a binary distribution. The
|
directory should be specified with an absolute file name. Installing
|
with the ‘prefix’ and ‘exec_prefix’ GNU standard make variables set is
|
not supported.
|
|
The GNU C Library includes a daemon called ‘nscd’, which you may or
|
may not want to run. ‘nscd’ caches name service lookups; it can
|
dramatically improve performance with NIS+, and may help with DNS as
|
well.
|
|
One auxiliary program, ‘/usr/libexec/pt_chown’, is installed setuid
|
‘root’ if the ‘--enable-pt_chown’ configuration option is used. This
|
program is invoked by the ‘grantpt’ function; it sets the permissions on
|
a pseudoterminal so it can be used by the calling process. If you are
|
using a Linux kernel with the ‘devpts’ filesystem enabled and mounted at
|
‘/dev/pts’, you don’t need this program.
|
|
After installation you should configure the timezone and install
|
locales for your system. The time zone configuration ensures that your
|
system time matches the time for your current timezone. The locales
|
ensure that the display of information on your system matches the
|
expectations of your language and geographic region.
|
|
The GNU C Library is able to use two kinds of localization
|
information sources, the first is a locale database named
|
‘locale-archive’ which is generally installed as
|
‘/usr/lib/locale/locale-archive’. The locale archive has the benefit of
|
taking up less space and being very fast to load, but only if you plan
|
to install sixty or more locales. If you plan to install one or two
|
locales you can instead install individual locales into their self-named
|
directories e.g. ‘/usr/lib/locale/en_US.utf8’. For example to install
|
the German locale using the character set for UTF-8 with name ‘de_DE’
|
into the locale archive issue the command ‘localedef -i de_DE -f UTF-8
|
de_DE’, and to install just the one locale issue the command ‘localedef
|
--no-archive -i de_DE -f UTF-8 de_DE’. To configure all locales that
|
are supported by the GNU C Library, you can issue from your build
|
directory the command ‘make localedata/install-locales’ to install all
|
locales into the locale archive or ‘make
|
localedata/install-locale-files’ to install all locales as files in the
|
default configured locale installation directory (derived from
|
‘--prefix’ or ‘--localedir’). To install into an alternative system
|
root use ‘DESTDIR’ e.g. ‘make localedata/install-locale-files
|
DESTDIR=/opt/glibc’, but note that this does not change the configured
|
prefix.
|
|
To configure the locally used timezone, set the ‘TZ’ environment
|
variable. The script ‘tzselect’ helps you to select the right value.
|
As an example, for Germany, ‘tzselect’ would tell you to use
|
‘TZ='Europe/Berlin'’. For a system wide installation (the given paths
|
are for an installation with ‘--prefix=/usr’), link the timezone file
|
which is in ‘/usr/share/zoneinfo’ to the file ‘/etc/localtime’. For
|
Germany, you might execute ‘ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin
|
/etc/localtime’.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Tools for Compilation, Next: Linux, Prev: Running make install, Up: Installation
|
|
C.3 Recommended Tools for Compilation
|
=====================================
|
|
We recommend installing the following GNU tools before attempting to
|
build the GNU C Library:
|
|
• GNU ‘make’ 4.0 or newer
|
|
As of relase time, GNU ‘make’ 4.3 is the newest verified to work to
|
build the GNU C Library.
|
|
• GCC 6.2 or newer
|
|
GCC 6.2 or higher is required. In general it is recommended to use
|
the newest version of the compiler that is known to work for
|
building the GNU C Library, as newer compilers usually produce
|
better code. As of release time, GCC 10.2 is the newest compiler
|
verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
|
|
For PowerPC 64-bits little-endian (powerpc64le), a GCC version with
|
support for ‘-mno-gnu-attribute’, ‘-mabi=ieeelongdouble’, and
|
‘-mabi=ibmlondouble’ is required. Likewise, the compiler must also
|
support passing ‘-mlong-double-128’ with the preceding options. As
|
of release, this implies GCC 7.4 and newer (excepting GCC 7.5.0,
|
see GCC PR94200). These additional features are required for
|
building the GNU C Library with support for IEEE long double.
|
|
For ARC architecture builds, GCC 8.3 or higher is needed.
|
|
For s390x architecture builds, GCC 7.1 or higher is needed (See gcc
|
Bug 98269).
|
|
For multi-arch support it is recommended to use a GCC which has
|
been built with support for GNU indirect functions. This ensures
|
that correct debugging information is generated for functions
|
selected by IFUNC resolvers. This support can either be enabled by
|
configuring GCC with ‘--enable-gnu-indirect-function’, or by
|
enabling it by default by setting ‘default_gnu_indirect_function’
|
variable for a particular architecture in the GCC source file
|
‘gcc/config.gcc’.
|
|
You can use whatever compiler you like to compile programs that use
|
the GNU C Library.
|
|
Check the FAQ for any special compiler issues on particular
|
platforms.
|
|
• GNU ‘binutils’ 2.25 or later
|
|
You must use GNU ‘binutils’ (as and ld) to build the GNU C Library.
|
No other assembler or linker has the necessary functionality at the
|
moment. As of release time, GNU ‘binutils’ 2.35.1 is the newest
|
verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
|
|
For PowerPC 64-bits little-endian (powerpc64le), ‘objcopy’ is
|
required to support ‘--update-section’. This option requires
|
binutils 2.26 or newer.
|
|
ARC architecture needs ‘binutils’ 2.32 or higher for TLS related
|
fixes.
|
|
• GNU ‘texinfo’ 4.7 or later
|
|
To correctly translate and install the Texinfo documentation you
|
need this version of the ‘texinfo’ package. Earlier versions do
|
not understand all the tags used in the document, and the
|
installation mechanism for the info files is not present or works
|
differently. As of release time, ‘texinfo’ 6.7 is the newest
|
verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
|
|
• GNU ‘awk’ 3.1.2, or higher
|
|
‘awk’ is used in several places to generate files. Some ‘gawk’
|
extensions are used, including the ‘asorti’ function, which was
|
introduced in version 3.1.2 of ‘gawk’. As of release time, ‘gawk’
|
version 5.1 is the newest verified to work to build the GNU C
|
Library.
|
|
• GNU ‘bison’ 2.7 or later
|
|
‘bison’ is used to generate the ‘yacc’ parser code in the ‘intl’
|
subdirectory. As of release time, ‘bison’ version 3.7.4 is the
|
newest verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
|
|
• Perl 5
|
|
Perl is not required, but if present it is used in some tests and
|
the ‘mtrace’ program, to build the GNU C Library manual. As of
|
release time ‘perl’ version 5.32.0 is the newest verified to work
|
to build the GNU C Library.
|
|
• GNU ‘sed’ 3.02 or newer
|
|
‘Sed’ is used in several places to generate files. Most scripts
|
work with any version of ‘sed’. As of release time, ‘sed’ version
|
4.8 is the newest verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
|
|
• Python 3.4 or later
|
|
Python is required to build the GNU C Library. As of release time,
|
Python 3.8.6 is the newest verified to work for building and
|
testing the GNU C Library.
|
|
• PExpect 4.0
|
|
The pretty printer tests drive GDB through test programs and
|
compare its output to the printers’. PExpect is used to capture
|
the output of GDB, and should be compatible with the Python version
|
in your system. As of release time PExpect 4.8 is the newest
|
verified to work to test the pretty printers.
|
|
• GDB 7.8 or later with support for Python 2.7/3.4 or later
|
|
GDB itself needs to be configured with Python support in order to
|
use the pretty printers. Notice that your system having Python
|
available doesn’t imply that GDB supports it, nor that your
|
system’s Python and GDB’s have the same version. As of release
|
time GNU ‘debugger’ 10.1 is the newest verified to work to test the
|
pretty printers.
|
|
Unless Python, PExpect and GDB with Python support are present, the
|
printer tests will report themselves as ‘UNSUPPORTED’. Notice that
|
some of the printer tests require the GNU C Library to be compiled
|
with debugging symbols.
|
|
If you change any of the ‘configure.ac’ files you will also need
|
|
• GNU ‘autoconf’ 2.69 (exactly)
|
|
and if you change any of the message translation files you will need
|
|
• GNU ‘gettext’ 0.10.36 or later
|
|
As of release time, GNU ‘gettext’ version 0.21 is the newest
|
version verified to work to build the GNU C Library.
|
|
You may also need these packages if you upgrade your source tree using
|
patches, although we try to avoid this.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Linux, Next: Reporting Bugs, Prev: Tools for Compilation, Up: Installation
|
|
C.4 Specific advice for GNU/Linux systems
|
=========================================
|
|
If you are installing the GNU C Library on GNU/Linux systems, you need
|
to have the header files from a 3.2 or newer kernel around for
|
reference. (For the ia64 architecture, you need version 3.2.18 or newer
|
because this is the first version with support for the ‘accept4’ system
|
call.) These headers must be installed using ‘make headers_install’;
|
the headers present in the kernel source directory are not suitable for
|
direct use by the GNU C Library. You do not need to use that kernel,
|
just have its headers installed where the GNU C Library can access them,
|
referred to here as INSTALL-DIRECTORY. The easiest way to do this is to
|
unpack it in a directory such as ‘/usr/src/linux-VERSION’. In that
|
directory, run ‘make headers_install
|
INSTALL_HDR_PATH=INSTALL-DIRECTORY’. Finally, configure the GNU C
|
Library with the option ‘--with-headers=INSTALL-DIRECTORY/include’. Use
|
the most recent kernel you can get your hands on. (If you are
|
cross-compiling the GNU C Library, you need to specify
|
‘ARCH=ARCHITECTURE’ in the ‘make headers_install’ command, where
|
ARCHITECTURE is the architecture name used by the Linux kernel, such as
|
‘x86’ or ‘powerpc’.)
|
|
After installing the GNU C Library, you may need to remove or rename
|
directories such as ‘/usr/include/linux’ and ‘/usr/include/asm’, and
|
replace them with copies of directories such as ‘linux’ and ‘asm’ from
|
‘INSTALL-DIRECTORY/include’. All directories present in
|
‘INSTALL-DIRECTORY/include’ should be copied, except that the GNU C
|
Library provides its own version of ‘/usr/include/scsi’; the files
|
provided by the kernel should be copied without replacing those provided
|
by the GNU C Library. The ‘linux’, ‘asm’ and ‘asm-generic’ directories
|
are required to compile programs using the GNU C Library; the other
|
directories describe interfaces to the kernel but are not required if
|
not compiling programs using those interfaces. You do not need to copy
|
kernel headers if you did not specify an alternate kernel header source
|
using ‘--with-headers’.
|
|
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard for GNU/Linux systems expects some
|
components of the GNU C Library installation to be in ‘/lib’ and some in
|
‘/usr/lib’. This is handled automatically if you configure the GNU C
|
Library with ‘--prefix=/usr’. If you set some other prefix or allow it
|
to default to ‘/usr/local’, then all the components are installed there.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Reporting Bugs, Prev: Linux, Up: Installation
|
|
C.5 Reporting Bugs
|
==================
|
|
There are probably bugs in the GNU C Library. There are certainly
|
errors and omissions in this manual. If you report them, they will get
|
fixed. If you don’t, no one will ever know about them and they will
|
remain unfixed for all eternity, if not longer.
|
|
It is a good idea to verify that the problem has not already been
|
reported. Bugs are documented in two places: The file ‘BUGS’ describes
|
a number of well known bugs and the central GNU C Library bug tracking
|
system has a WWW interface at <https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/>. The
|
WWW interface gives you access to open and closed reports. A closed
|
report normally includes a patch or a hint on solving the problem.
|
|
To report a bug, first you must find it. With any luck, this will be
|
the hard part. Once you’ve found a bug, make sure it’s really a bug. A
|
good way to do this is to see if the GNU C Library behaves the same way
|
some other C library does. If so, probably you are wrong and the
|
libraries are right (but not necessarily). If not, one of the libraries
|
is probably wrong. It might not be the GNU C Library. Many historical
|
Unix C libraries permit things that we don’t, such as closing a file
|
twice.
|
|
If you think you have found some way in which the GNU C Library does
|
not conform to the ISO and POSIX standards (*note Standards and
|
Portability::), that is definitely a bug. Report it!
|
|
Once you’re sure you’ve found a bug, try to narrow it down to the
|
smallest test case that reproduces the problem. In the case of a C
|
library, you really only need to narrow it down to one library function
|
call, if possible. This should not be too difficult.
|
|
The final step when you have a simple test case is to report the bug.
|
Do this at <https://bugs.linaro.org/>.
|
|
If you are not sure how a function should behave, and this manual
|
doesn’t tell you, that’s a bug in the manual. Report that too! If the
|
function’s behavior disagrees with the manual, then either the library
|
or the manual has a bug, so report the disagreement. If you find any
|
errors or omissions in this manual, please report them to the bug
|
database. If you refer to specific sections of the manual, please
|
include the section names for easier identification.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Maintenance, Next: Platform, Prev: Installation, Up: Top
|
|
Appendix D Library Maintenance
|
******************************
|
|
* Menu:
|
|
* Source Layout:: How to add new functions or header files
|
to the GNU C Library.
|
* Symbol handling:: How to handle symbols in the GNU C Library.
|
* Porting:: How to port the GNU C Library to
|
a new machine or operating system.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Source Layout, Next: Symbol handling, Up: Maintenance
|
|
D.1 Adding New Functions
|
========================
|
|
The process of building the library is driven by the makefiles, which
|
make heavy use of special features of GNU ‘make’. The makefiles are
|
very complex, and you probably don’t want to try to understand them.
|
But what they do is fairly straightforward, and only requires that you
|
define a few variables in the right places.
|
|
The library sources are divided into subdirectories, grouped by
|
topic.
|
|
The ‘string’ subdirectory has all the string-manipulation functions,
|
‘math’ has all the mathematical functions, etc.
|
|
Each subdirectory contains a simple makefile, called ‘Makefile’,
|
which defines a few ‘make’ variables and then includes the global
|
makefile ‘Rules’ with a line like:
|
|
include ../Rules
|
|
The basic variables that a subdirectory makefile defines are:
|
|
‘subdir’
|
The name of the subdirectory, for example ‘stdio’. This variable
|
*must* be defined.
|
|
‘headers’
|
The names of the header files in this section of the library, such
|
as ‘stdio.h’.
|
|
‘routines’
|
‘aux’
|
The names of the modules (source files) in this section of the
|
library. These should be simple names, such as ‘strlen’ (rather
|
than complete file names, such as ‘strlen.c’). Use ‘routines’ for
|
modules that define functions in the library, and ‘aux’ for
|
auxiliary modules containing things like data definitions. But the
|
values of ‘routines’ and ‘aux’ are just concatenated, so there
|
really is no practical difference.
|
|
‘tests’
|
The names of test programs for this section of the library. These
|
should be simple names, such as ‘tester’ (rather than complete file
|
names, such as ‘tester.c’). ‘make tests’ will build and run all
|
the test programs. If a test program needs input, put the test
|
data in a file called ‘TEST-PROGRAM.input’; it will be given to the
|
test program on its standard input. If a test program wants to be
|
run with arguments, put the arguments (all on a single line) in a
|
file called ‘TEST-PROGRAM.args’. Test programs should exit with
|
zero status when the test passes, and nonzero status when the test
|
indicates a bug in the library or error in building.
|
|
‘others’
|
The names of “other” programs associated with this section of the
|
library. These are programs which are not tests per se, but are
|
other small programs included with the library. They are built by
|
‘make others’.
|
|
‘install-lib’
|
‘install-data’
|
‘install’
|
Files to be installed by ‘make install’. Files listed in
|
‘install-lib’ are installed in the directory specified by ‘libdir’
|
in ‘configparms’ or ‘Makeconfig’ (*note Installation::). Files
|
listed in ‘install-data’ are installed in the directory specified
|
by ‘datadir’ in ‘configparms’ or ‘Makeconfig’. Files listed in
|
‘install’ are installed in the directory specified by ‘bindir’ in
|
‘configparms’ or ‘Makeconfig’.
|
|
‘distribute’
|
Other files from this subdirectory which should be put into a
|
distribution tar file. You need not list here the makefile itself
|
or the source and header files listed in the other standard
|
variables. Only define ‘distribute’ if there are files used in an
|
unusual way that should go into the distribution.
|
|
‘generated’
|
Files which are generated by ‘Makefile’ in this subdirectory.
|
These files will be removed by ‘make clean’, and they will never go
|
into a distribution.
|
|
‘extra-objs’
|
Extra object files which are built by ‘Makefile’ in this
|
subdirectory. This should be a list of file names like ‘foo.o’;
|
the files will actually be found in whatever directory object files
|
are being built in. These files will be removed by ‘make clean’.
|
This variable is used for secondary object files needed to build
|
‘others’ or ‘tests’.
|
|
* Menu:
|
|
* Platform: Adding Platform-specific. Adding platform-specific
|
features.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Adding Platform-specific, Up: Source Layout
|
|
D.1.1 Platform-specific types, macros and functions
|
---------------------------------------------------
|
|
It’s sometimes necessary to provide nonstandard, platform-specific
|
features to developers. The C library is traditionally the lowest
|
library layer, so it makes sense for it to provide these low-level
|
features. However, including these features in the C library may be a
|
disadvantage if another package provides them as well as there will be
|
two conflicting versions of them. Also, the features won’t be available
|
to projects that do not use the GNU C Library but use other GNU tools,
|
like GCC.
|
|
The current guidelines are:
|
• If the header file provides features that only make sense on a
|
particular machine architecture and have nothing to do with an
|
operating system, then the features should ultimately be provided
|
as GCC built-in functions. Until then, the GNU C Library may
|
provide them in the header file. When the GCC built-in functions
|
become available, those provided in the header file should be made
|
conditionally available prior to the GCC version in which the
|
built-in function was made available.
|
|
• If the header file provides features that are specific to an
|
operating system, both GCC and the GNU C Library could provide it,
|
but the GNU C Library is preferred as it already has a lot of
|
information about the operating system.
|
|
• If the header file provides features that are specific to an
|
operating system but used by the GNU C Library, then the GNU C
|
Library should provide them.
|
|
The general solution for providing low-level features is to export
|
them as follows:
|
|
• A nonstandard, low-level header file that defines macros and inline
|
functions should be called ‘sys/platform/NAME.h’.
|
|
• Each header file’s name should include the platform name, to avoid
|
users thinking there is anything in common between the different
|
header files for different platforms. For example, a
|
‘sys/platform/ARCH.h’ name such as ‘sys/platform/ppc.h’ is better
|
than ‘sys/platform.h’.
|
|
• A platform-specific header file provided by the GNU C Library
|
should coordinate with GCC such that compiler built-in versions of
|
the functions and macros are preferred if available. This means
|
that user programs will only ever need to include
|
‘sys/platform/ARCH.h’, keeping the same names of types, macros, and
|
functions for convenience and portability.
|
|
• Each included symbol must have the prefix ‘__ARCH_’, such as
|
‘__ppc_get_timebase’.
|
|
The easiest way to provide a header file is to add it to the
|
‘sysdep_headers’ variable. For example, the combination of
|
Linux-specific header files on PowerPC could be provided like this:
|
|
sysdep_headers += sys/platform/ppc.h
|
|
Then ensure that you have added a ‘sys/platform/ppc.h’ header file in
|
the machine-specific directory, e.g.,
|
‘sysdeps/powerpc/sys/platform/ppc.h’.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Symbol handling, Next: Porting, Prev: Source Layout, Up: Maintenance
|
|
D.2 Symbol handling in the GNU C Library
|
========================================
|
|
* Menu:
|
|
* 64-bit time symbol handling :: How to handle 64-bit time related
|
symbols in the GNU C Library.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: 64-bit time symbol handling, Up: Symbol handling
|
|
D.2.1 64-bit time symbol handling in the GNU C Library
|
------------------------------------------------------
|
|
With respect to time handling, GNU C Library configurations fall in two
|
classes depending on the value of ‘__TIMESIZE’:
|
|
‘__TIMESIZE == 32’
|
|
These "dual-time" configurations have both 32-bit and 64-bit time
|
support. 32-bit time support provides type ‘time_t’ and cannot
|
handle dates beyond "Y2038". 64-bit time support provides type
|
‘__time64_t’ and can handle dates beyond "Y2038".
|
|
In these configurations, time-related types have two declarations,
|
a 64-bit one, and a 32-bit one; and time-related functions
|
generally have two definitions: a 64-bit one, and a 32-bit one
|
which is a wrapper around the former. Therefore, for every
|
‘time_t’-related symbol, there is a corresponding
|
‘__time64_t’-related symbol, the name of which is usually the
|
32-bit symbol’s name with ‘__’ (a double underscore) prepended and
|
‘64’ appended. For instance, the 64-bit-time counterpart of
|
‘clock_gettime’ is ‘__clock_gettime64’.
|
|
‘__TIMESIZE == 64’
|
|
These "single-time" configurations only have a 64-bit ‘time_t’ and
|
related functions, which can handle dates beyond 2038-01-19
|
03:14:07 (aka "Y2038").
|
|
In these configurations, time-related types only have a 64-bit
|
declaration; and time-related functions only have one 64-bit
|
definition. However, for every ‘time_t’-related symbol, there is a
|
corresponding ‘__time64_t’-related macro, the name of which is
|
derived as in the dual-time configuration case, and which expands
|
to the symbol’s name. For instance, the macro ‘__clock_gettime64’
|
expands to ‘clock_gettime’.
|
|
These macros are purely internal to the GNU C Library and exist
|
only so that a single definition of the 64-bit time functions can
|
be used on both single-time and dual-time configurations, and so
|
that glibc code can freely call the 64-bit functions internally in
|
all configurations.
|
|
Note: at this point, 64-bit time support in dual-time configurations
|
is work-in-progress, so for these configurations, the public API only
|
makes the 32-bit time support available. In a later change, the public
|
API will allow user code to choose the time size for a given compilation
|
unit.
|
|
64-bit variants of time-related types or functions are defined for
|
all configurations and use 64-bit-time symbol names (for dual-time
|
configurations) or macros (for single-time configurations).
|
|
32-bit variants of time-related types or functions are defined only
|
for dual-time configurations.
|
|
Here is an example with ‘localtime’:
|
|
Function ‘localtime’ is declared in ‘time/time.h’ as
|
extern struct tm *localtime (const time_t *__timer) __THROW;
|
libc_hidden_proto (localtime)
|
|
For single-time configurations, ‘__localtime64’ is a macro which
|
evaluates to ‘localtime’; for dual-time configurations, ‘__localtime64’
|
is a function similar to ‘localtime’ except it uses Y2038-proof types:
|
#if __TIMESIZE == 64
|
# define __localtime64 localtime
|
#else
|
extern struct tm *__localtime64 (const __time64_t *__timer) __THROW;
|
libc_hidden_proto (__localtime64)
|
#endif
|
|
(note: type ‘time_t’ is replaced with ‘__time64_t’ because ‘time_t’
|
is not Y2038-proof, but ‘struct tm’ is not replaced because it is
|
already Y2038-proof.)
|
|
The 64-bit-time implementation of ‘localtime’ is written as follows
|
and is compiled for both dual-time and single-time configuration
|
classes.
|
|
struct tm *
|
__localtime64 (const __time64_t *t)
|
{
|
return __tz_convert (*t, 1, &_tmbuf);
|
}
|
libc_hidden_def (__localtime64)
|
|
The 32-bit-time implementation is a wrapper and is only compiled for
|
dual-time configurations:
|
|
#if __TIMESIZE != 64
|
|
struct tm *
|
localtime (const time_t *t)
|
{
|
__time64_t t64 = *t;
|
return __localtime64 (&t64);
|
}
|
libc_hidden_def (localtime)
|
|
#endif
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Porting, Prev: Symbol handling, Up: Maintenance
|
|
D.3 Porting the GNU C Library
|
=============================
|
|
The GNU C Library is written to be easily portable to a variety of
|
machines and operating systems. Machine- and operating system-dependent
|
functions are well separated to make it easy to add implementations for
|
new machines or operating systems. This section describes the layout of
|
the library source tree and explains the mechanisms used to select
|
machine-dependent code to use.
|
|
All the machine-dependent and operating system-dependent files in the
|
library are in the subdirectory ‘sysdeps’ under the top-level library
|
source directory. This directory contains a hierarchy of subdirectories
|
(*note Hierarchy Conventions::).
|
|
Each subdirectory of ‘sysdeps’ contains source files for a particular
|
machine or operating system, or for a class of machine or operating
|
system (for example, systems by a particular vendor, or all machines
|
that use IEEE 754 floating-point format). A configuration specifies an
|
ordered list of these subdirectories. Each subdirectory implicitly
|
appends its parent directory to the list. For example, specifying the
|
list ‘unix/bsd/vax’ is equivalent to specifying the list ‘unix/bsd/vax
|
unix/bsd unix’. A subdirectory can also specify that it implies other
|
subdirectories which are not directly above it in the directory
|
hierarchy. If the file ‘Implies’ exists in a subdirectory, it lists
|
other subdirectories of ‘sysdeps’ which are appended to the list,
|
appearing after the subdirectory containing the ‘Implies’ file. Lines
|
in an ‘Implies’ file that begin with a ‘#’ character are ignored as
|
comments. For example, ‘unix/bsd/Implies’ contains:
|
# BSD has Internet-related things.
|
unix/inet
|
and ‘unix/Implies’ contains:
|
posix
|
|
So the final list is ‘unix/bsd/vax unix/bsd unix/inet unix posix’.
|
|
‘sysdeps’ has a “special” subdirectory called ‘generic’. It is
|
always implicitly appended to the list of subdirectories, so you needn’t
|
put it in an ‘Implies’ file, and you should not create any
|
subdirectories under it intended to be new specific categories.
|
‘generic’ serves two purposes. First, the makefiles do not bother to
|
look for a system-dependent version of a file that’s not in ‘generic’.
|
This means that any system-dependent source file must have an analogue
|
in ‘generic’, even if the routines defined by that file are not
|
implemented on other platforms. Second, the ‘generic’ version of a
|
system-dependent file is used if the makefiles do not find a version
|
specific to the system you’re compiling for.
|
|
If it is possible to implement the routines in a ‘generic’ file in
|
machine-independent C, using only other machine-independent functions in
|
the C library, then you should do so. Otherwise, make them stubs. A
|
"stub" function is a function which cannot be implemented on a
|
particular machine or operating system. Stub functions always return an
|
error, and set ‘errno’ to ‘ENOSYS’ (Function not implemented). *Note
|
Error Reporting::. If you define a stub function, you must place the
|
statement ‘stub_warning(FUNCTION)’, where FUNCTION is the name of your
|
function, after its definition. This causes the function to be listed
|
in the installed ‘<gnu/stubs.h>’, and makes GNU ld warn when the
|
function is used.
|
|
Some rare functions are only useful on specific systems and aren’t
|
defined at all on others; these do not appear anywhere in the
|
system-independent source code or makefiles (including the ‘generic’
|
directory), only in the system-dependent ‘Makefile’ in the specific
|
system’s subdirectory.
|
|
If you come across a file that is in one of the main source
|
directories (‘string’, ‘stdio’, etc.), and you want to write a machine-
|
or operating system-dependent version of it, move the file into
|
‘sysdeps/generic’ and write your new implementation in the appropriate
|
system-specific subdirectory. Note that if a file is to be
|
system-dependent, it *must not* appear in one of the main source
|
directories.
|
|
There are a few special files that may exist in each subdirectory of
|
‘sysdeps’:
|
|
‘Makefile’
|
|
A makefile for this machine or operating system, or class of
|
machine or operating system. This file is included by the library
|
makefile ‘Makerules’, which is used by the top-level makefile and
|
the subdirectory makefiles. It can change the variables set in the
|
including makefile or add new rules. It can use GNU ‘make’
|
conditional directives based on the variable ‘subdir’ (see above)
|
to select different sets of variables and rules for different
|
sections of the library. It can also set the ‘make’ variable
|
‘sysdep-routines’, to specify extra modules to be included in the
|
library. You should use ‘sysdep-routines’ rather than adding
|
modules to ‘routines’ because the latter is used in determining
|
what to distribute for each subdirectory of the main source tree.
|
|
Each makefile in a subdirectory in the ordered list of
|
subdirectories to be searched is included in order. Since several
|
system-dependent makefiles may be included, each should append to
|
‘sysdep-routines’ rather than simply setting it:
|
|
sysdep-routines := $(sysdep-routines) foo bar
|
|
‘Subdirs’
|
|
This file contains the names of new whole subdirectories under the
|
top-level library source tree that should be included for this
|
system. These subdirectories are treated just like the
|
system-independent subdirectories in the library source tree, such
|
as ‘stdio’ and ‘math’.
|
|
Use this when there are completely new sets of functions and header
|
files that should go into the library for the system this
|
subdirectory of ‘sysdeps’ implements. For example,
|
‘sysdeps/unix/inet/Subdirs’ contains ‘inet’; the ‘inet’ directory
|
contains various network-oriented operations which only make sense
|
to put in the library on systems that support the Internet.
|
|
‘configure’
|
|
This file is a shell script fragment to be run at configuration
|
time. The top-level ‘configure’ script uses the shell ‘.’ command
|
to read the ‘configure’ file in each system-dependent directory
|
chosen, in order. The ‘configure’ files are often generated from
|
‘configure.ac’ files using Autoconf.
|
|
A system-dependent ‘configure’ script will usually add things to
|
the shell variables ‘DEFS’ and ‘config_vars’; see the top-level
|
‘configure’ script for details. The script can check for ‘--with-PACKAGE’
|
options that were passed to the top-level ‘configure’. For an
|
option ‘--with-PACKAGE=VALUE’ ‘configure’ sets the shell variable ‘with_PACKAGE’
|
(with any dashes in PACKAGE converted to underscores) to VALUE; if
|
the option is just ‘--with-PACKAGE’ (no argument), then it sets ‘with_PACKAGE’
|
to ‘yes’.
|
|
‘configure.ac’
|
|
This file is an Autoconf input fragment to be processed into the
|
file ‘configure’ in this subdirectory. *Note
|
(autoconf.info)Introduction::, for a description of Autoconf. You
|
should write either ‘configure’ or ‘configure.ac’, but not both.
|
The first line of ‘configure.ac’ should invoke the ‘m4’ macro
|
‘GLIBC_PROVIDES’. This macro does several ‘AC_PROVIDE’ calls for
|
Autoconf macros which are used by the top-level ‘configure’ script;
|
without this, those macros might be invoked again unnecessarily by
|
Autoconf.
|
|
That is the general system for how system-dependencies are isolated.
|
|
* Menu:
|
|
* Hierarchy Conventions:: The layout of the ‘sysdeps’ hierarchy.
|
* Porting to Unix:: Porting the library to an average
|
Unix-like system.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Hierarchy Conventions, Next: Porting to Unix, Up: Porting
|
|
D.3.1 Layout of the ‘sysdeps’ Directory Hierarchy
|
-------------------------------------------------
|
|
A GNU configuration name has three parts: the CPU type, the
|
manufacturer’s name, and the operating system. ‘configure’ uses these
|
to pick the list of system-dependent directories to look for. If the
|
‘--nfp’ option is _not_ passed to ‘configure’, the directory
|
‘MACHINE/fpu’ is also used. The operating system often has a "base
|
operating system"; for example, if the operating system is ‘Linux’, the
|
base operating system is ‘unix/sysv’. The algorithm used to pick the
|
list of directories is simple: ‘configure’ makes a list of the base
|
operating system, manufacturer, CPU type, and operating system, in that
|
order. It then concatenates all these together with slashes in between,
|
to produce a directory name; for example, the configuration ‘i686-linux-gnu’
|
results in ‘unix/sysv/linux/i386/i686’. ‘configure’ then tries removing
|
each element of the list in turn, so ‘unix/sysv/linux’ and ‘unix/sysv’
|
are also tried, among others. Since the precise version number of the
|
operating system is often not important, and it would be very
|
inconvenient, for example, to have identical ‘irix6.2’ and ‘irix6.3’
|
directories, ‘configure’ tries successively less specific operating
|
system names by removing trailing suffixes starting with a period.
|
|
As an example, here is the complete list of directories that would be
|
tried for the configuration ‘i686-linux-gnu’:
|
|
sysdeps/i386/elf
|
sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/i386
|
sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux
|
sysdeps/gnu
|
sysdeps/unix/common
|
sysdeps/unix/mman
|
sysdeps/unix/inet
|
sysdeps/unix/sysv/i386/i686
|
sysdeps/unix/sysv/i386
|
sysdeps/unix/sysv
|
sysdeps/unix/i386
|
sysdeps/unix
|
sysdeps/posix
|
sysdeps/i386/i686
|
sysdeps/i386/i486
|
sysdeps/libm-i387/i686
|
sysdeps/i386/fpu
|
sysdeps/libm-i387
|
sysdeps/i386
|
sysdeps/wordsize-32
|
sysdeps/ieee754
|
sysdeps/libm-ieee754
|
sysdeps/generic
|
|
Different machine architectures are conventionally subdirectories at
|
the top level of the ‘sysdeps’ directory tree. For example, ‘sysdeps/sparc’
|
and ‘sysdeps/m68k’. These contain files specific to those machine
|
architectures, but not specific to any particular operating system.
|
There might be subdirectories for specializations of those
|
architectures, such as ‘sysdeps/m68k/68020’. Code which is specific to
|
the floating-point coprocessor used with a particular machine should go
|
in ‘sysdeps/MACHINE/fpu’.
|
|
There are a few directories at the top level of the ‘sysdeps’
|
hierarchy that are not for particular machine architectures.
|
|
‘generic’
|
As described above (*note Porting::), this is the subdirectory that
|
every configuration implicitly uses after all others.
|
|
‘ieee754’
|
This directory is for code using the IEEE 754 floating-point
|
format, where the C type ‘float’ is IEEE 754 single-precision
|
format, and ‘double’ is IEEE 754 double-precision format. Usually
|
this directory is referred to in the ‘Implies’ file in a machine
|
architecture-specific directory, such as ‘m68k/Implies’.
|
|
‘libm-ieee754’
|
This directory contains an implementation of a mathematical library
|
usable on platforms which use IEEE 754 conformant floating-point
|
arithmetic.
|
|
‘libm-i387’
|
This is a special case. Ideally the code should be in
|
‘sysdeps/i386/fpu’ but for various reasons it is kept aside.
|
|
‘posix’
|
This directory contains implementations of things in the library in
|
terms of POSIX.1 functions. This includes some of the POSIX.1
|
functions themselves. Of course, POSIX.1 cannot be completely
|
implemented in terms of itself, so a configuration using just
|
‘posix’ cannot be complete.
|
|
‘unix’
|
This is the directory for Unix-like things. *Note Porting to
|
Unix::. ‘unix’ implies ‘posix’. There are some special-purpose
|
subdirectories of ‘unix’:
|
|
‘unix/common’
|
This directory is for things common to both BSD and System V
|
release 4. Both ‘unix/bsd’ and ‘unix/sysv/sysv4’ imply
|
‘unix/common’.
|
|
‘unix/inet’
|
This directory is for ‘socket’ and related functions on Unix
|
systems. ‘unix/inet/Subdirs’ enables the ‘inet’ top-level
|
subdirectory. ‘unix/common’ implies ‘unix/inet’.
|
|
‘mach’
|
This is the directory for things based on the Mach microkernel from
|
CMU (including GNU/Hurd systems). Other basic operating systems
|
(VMS, for example) would have their own directories at the top
|
level of the ‘sysdeps’ hierarchy, parallel to ‘unix’ and ‘mach’.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Porting to Unix, Prev: Hierarchy Conventions, Up: Porting
|
|
D.3.2 Porting the GNU C Library to Unix Systems
|
-----------------------------------------------
|
|
Most Unix systems are fundamentally very similar. There are variations
|
between different machines, and variations in what facilities are
|
provided by the kernel. But the interface to the operating system
|
facilities is, for the most part, pretty uniform and simple.
|
|
The code for Unix systems is in the directory ‘unix’, at the top
|
level of the ‘sysdeps’ hierarchy. This directory contains
|
subdirectories (and subdirectory trees) for various Unix variants.
|
|
The functions which are system calls in most Unix systems are
|
implemented in assembly code, which is generated automatically from
|
specifications in files named ‘syscalls.list’. There are several such
|
files, one in ‘sysdeps/unix’ and others in its subdirectories. Some
|
special system calls are implemented in files that are named with a
|
suffix of ‘.S’; for example, ‘_exit.S’. Files ending in ‘.S’ are run
|
through the C preprocessor before being fed to the assembler.
|
|
These files all use a set of macros that should be defined in
|
‘sysdep.h’. The ‘sysdep.h’ file in ‘sysdeps/unix’ partially defines
|
them; a ‘sysdep.h’ file in another directory must finish defining them
|
for the particular machine and operating system variant. See
|
‘sysdeps/unix/sysdep.h’ and the machine-specific ‘sysdep.h’
|
implementations to see what these macros are and what they should do.
|
|
The system-specific makefile for the ‘unix’ directory
|
(‘sysdeps/unix/Makefile’) gives rules to generate several files from the
|
Unix system you are building the library on (which is assumed to be the
|
target system you are building the library _for_). All the generated
|
files are put in the directory where the object files are kept; they
|
should not affect the source tree itself. The files generated are
|
‘ioctls.h’, ‘errnos.h’, ‘sys/param.h’, and ‘errlist.c’ (for the ‘stdio’
|
section of the library).
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Platform, Next: Contributors, Prev: Maintenance, Up: Top
|
|
Appendix E Platform-specific facilities
|
***************************************
|
|
The GNU C Library can provide machine-specific functionality.
|
|
* Menu:
|
|
* PowerPC:: Facilities Specific to the PowerPC Architecture
|
* RISC-V:: Facilities Specific to the RISC-V Architecture
|
* X86:: Facilities Specific to the X86 Architecture
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: PowerPC, Next: RISC-V, Up: Platform
|
|
E.1 PowerPC-specific Facilities
|
===============================
|
|
Facilities specific to PowerPC that are not specific to a particular
|
operating system are declared in ‘sys/platform/ppc.h’.
|
|
-- Function: uint64_t __ppc_get_timebase (void)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | *Note POSIX Safety
|
Concepts::.
|
|
Read the current value of the Time Base Register.
|
|
The "Time Base Register" is a 64-bit register that stores a
|
monotonically incremented value updated at a system-dependent
|
frequency that may be different from the processor frequency. More
|
information is available in ‘Power ISA 2.06b - Book II - Section
|
5.2’.
|
|
‘__ppc_get_timebase’ uses the processor’s time base facility
|
directly without requiring assistance from the operating system, so
|
it is very efficient.
|
|
-- Function: uint64_t __ppc_get_timebase_freq (void)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Unsafe init | AS-Unsafe corrupt:init | AC-Unsafe
|
corrupt:init | *Note POSIX Safety Concepts::.
|
|
Read the current frequency at which the Time Base Register is
|
updated.
|
|
This frequency is not related to the processor clock or the bus
|
clock. It is also possible that this frequency is not constant.
|
More information is available in ‘Power ISA 2.06b - Book II -
|
Section 5.2’.
|
|
The following functions provide hints about the usage of resources
|
that are shared with other processors. They can be used, for example,
|
if a program waiting on a lock intends to divert the shared resources to
|
be used by other processors. More information is available in ‘Power
|
ISA 2.06b - Book II - Section 3.2’.
|
|
-- Function: void __ppc_yield (void)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | *Note POSIX Safety
|
Concepts::.
|
|
Provide a hint that performance will probably be improved if shared
|
resources dedicated to the executing processor are released for use
|
by other processors.
|
|
-- Function: void __ppc_mdoio (void)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | *Note POSIX Safety
|
Concepts::.
|
|
Provide a hint that performance will probably be improved if shared
|
resources dedicated to the executing processor are released until
|
all outstanding storage accesses to caching-inhibited storage have
|
been completed.
|
|
-- Function: void __ppc_mdoom (void)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | *Note POSIX Safety
|
Concepts::.
|
|
Provide a hint that performance will probably be improved if shared
|
resources dedicated to the executing processor are released until
|
all outstanding storage accesses to cacheable storage for which the
|
data is not in the cache have been completed.
|
|
-- Function: void __ppc_set_ppr_med (void)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | *Note POSIX Safety
|
Concepts::.
|
|
Set the Program Priority Register to medium value (default).
|
|
The "Program Priority Register" (PPR) is a 64-bit register that
|
controls the program’s priority. By adjusting the PPR value the
|
programmer may improve system throughput by causing the system
|
resources to be used more efficiently, especially in contention
|
situations. The three unprivileged states available are covered by
|
the functions ‘__ppc_set_ppr_med’ (medium – default),
|
‘__ppc_set_ppc_low’ (low) and ‘__ppc_set_ppc_med_low’ (medium low).
|
More information available in ‘Power ISA 2.06b - Book II - Section
|
3.1’.
|
|
-- Function: void __ppc_set_ppr_low (void)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | *Note POSIX Safety
|
Concepts::.
|
|
Set the Program Priority Register to low value.
|
|
-- Function: void __ppc_set_ppr_med_low (void)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | *Note POSIX Safety
|
Concepts::.
|
|
Set the Program Priority Register to medium low value.
|
|
Power ISA 2.07 extends the priorities that can be set to the Program
|
Priority Register (PPR). The following functions implement the new
|
priority levels: very low and medium high.
|
|
-- Function: void __ppc_set_ppr_very_low (void)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | *Note POSIX Safety
|
Concepts::.
|
|
Set the Program Priority Register to very low value.
|
|
-- Function: void __ppc_set_ppr_med_high (void)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | *Note POSIX Safety
|
Concepts::.
|
|
Set the Program Priority Register to medium high value. The medium
|
high priority is privileged and may only be set during certain time
|
intervals by problem-state programs. If the program priority is
|
medium high when the time interval expires or if an attempt is made
|
to set the priority to medium high when it is not allowed, the
|
priority is set to medium.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: RISC-V, Next: X86, Prev: PowerPC, Up: Platform
|
|
E.2 RISC-V-specific Facilities
|
==============================
|
|
Cache management facilities specific to RISC-V systems that implement
|
the Linux ABI are declared in ‘sys/cachectl.h’.
|
|
-- Function: void __riscv_flush_icache (void *START, void *END,
|
unsigned long int FLAGS)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | *Note POSIX Safety
|
Concepts::.
|
|
Enforce ordering between stores and instruction cache fetches. The
|
range of addresses over which ordering is enforced is specified by
|
START and END. The FLAGS argument controls the extent of this
|
ordering, with the default behavior (a FLAGS value of 0) being to
|
enforce the fence on all threads in the current process. Setting
|
the ‘SYS_RISCV_FLUSH_ICACHE_LOCAL’ bit allows users to indicate
|
that enforcing ordering on only the current thread is necessary.
|
All other flag bits are reserved.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: X86, Prev: RISC-V, Up: Platform
|
|
E.3 X86-specific Facilities
|
===========================
|
|
Facilities specific to X86 that are not specific to a particular
|
operating system are declared in ‘sys/platform/x86.h’.
|
|
-- Function: const struct cpuid_feature * __x86_get_cpuid_feature_leaf
|
(unsigned int LEAF)
|
Preliminary: | MT-Safe | AS-Safe | AC-Safe | *Note POSIX Safety
|
Concepts::.
|
|
Return a pointer to x86 CPU feature structure used by query macros
|
for x86 CPU feature LEAF.
|
|
-- Macro: int HAS_CPU_FEATURE (NAME)
|
This macro returns a nonzero value (true) if the processor has the
|
feature NAME.
|
|
-- Macro: int CPU_FEATURE_USABLE (NAME)
|
This macro returns a nonzero value (true) if the processor has the
|
feature NAME and the feature is supported by the operating system.
|
|
The supported processor features are:
|
|
• ‘ACPI’ – Thermal Monitor and Software Controlled Clock Facilities.
|
|
• ‘ADX’ – ADX instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘APIC’ – APIC On-Chip.
|
|
• ‘AES’ – The AES instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AESKLE’ – AES Key Locker instructions are enabled by OS.
|
|
• ‘AMX_BF16’ – Tile computational operations on bfloat16 numbers.
|
|
• ‘AMX_INT8’ – Tile computational operations on 8-bit numbers.
|
|
• ‘AMX_TILE’ – Tile architecture.
|
|
• ‘ARCH_CAPABILITIES’ – IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES MSR.
|
|
• ‘AVX’ – The AVX instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX2’ – The AVX2 instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX_VNNI’ – The AVX-VNNI instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512_4FMAPS’ – The AVX512_4FMAPS instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512_4VNNIW’ – The AVX512_4VNNIW instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512_BF16’ – The AVX512_BF16 instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512_BITALG’ – The AVX512_BITALG instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512_FP16’ – The AVX512_FP16 instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512_IFMA’ – The AVX512_IFMA instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512_VBMI’ – The AVX512_VBMI instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512_VBMI2’ – The AVX512_VBMI2 instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512_VNNI’ – The AVX512_VNNI instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512_VP2INTERSECT’ – The AVX512_VP2INTERSECT instruction
|
extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512_VPOPCNTDQ’ – The AVX512_VPOPCNTDQ instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512BW’ – The AVX512BW instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512CD’ – The AVX512CD instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512ER’ – The AVX512ER instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512DQ’ – The AVX512DQ instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512F’ – The AVX512F instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512PF’ – The AVX512PF instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘AVX512VL’ – The AVX512VL instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘BMI1’ – BMI1 instructions.
|
|
• ‘BMI2’ – BMI2 instructions.
|
|
• ‘CLDEMOTE’ – CLDEMOTE instruction.
|
|
• ‘CLFLUSHOPT’ – CLFLUSHOPT instruction.
|
|
• ‘CLFSH’ – CLFLUSH instruction.
|
|
• ‘CLWB’ – CLWB instruction.
|
|
• ‘CMOV’ – Conditional Move instructions.
|
|
• ‘CMPXCHG16B’ – CMPXCHG16B instruction.
|
|
• ‘CNXT_ID’ – L1 Context ID.
|
|
• ‘CORE_CAPABILITIES’ – IA32_CORE_CAPABILITIES MSR.
|
|
• ‘CX8’ – CMPXCHG8B instruction.
|
|
• ‘DCA’ – Data prefetch from a memory mapped device.
|
|
• ‘DE’ – Debugging Extensions.
|
|
• ‘DEPR_FPU_CS_DS’ – Deprecates FPU CS and FPU DS values.
|
|
• ‘DS’ – Debug Store.
|
|
• ‘DS_CPL’ – CPL Qualified Debug Store.
|
|
• ‘DTES64’ – 64-bit DS Area.
|
|
• ‘EIST’ – Enhanced Intel SpeedStep technology.
|
|
• ‘ENQCMD’ – Enqueue Stores instructions.
|
|
• ‘ERMS’ – Enhanced REP MOVSB/STOSB.
|
|
• ‘F16C’ – 16-bit floating-point conversion instructions.
|
|
• ‘FMA’ – FMA extensions using YMM state.
|
|
• ‘FMA4’ – FMA4 instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘FPU’ – X87 Floating Point Unit On-Chip.
|
|
• ‘FSGSBASE’ – RDFSBASE/RDGSBASE/WRFSBASE/WRGSBASE instructions.
|
|
• ‘FSRCS’ – Fast Short REP CMP and SCA.
|
|
• ‘FSRM’ – Fast Short REP MOV.
|
|
• ‘FSRS’ – Fast Short REP STO.
|
|
• ‘FXSR’ – FXSAVE and FXRSTOR instructions.
|
|
• ‘FZLRM’ – Fast Zero-Length REP MOV.
|
|
• ‘GFNI’ – GFNI instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘HLE’ – HLE instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘HTT’ – Max APIC IDs reserved field is Valid.
|
|
• ‘HRESET’ – History reset.
|
|
• ‘HYBRID’ – Hybrid processor.
|
|
• ‘IBRS_IBPB’ – Indirect branch restricted speculation (IBRS) and the
|
indirect branch predictor barrier (IBPB).
|
|
• ‘IBT’ – Intel Indirect Branch Tracking instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘INVARIANT_TSC’ – Invariant TSC.
|
|
• ‘INVPCID’ – INVPCID instruction.
|
|
• ‘KL’ – AES Key Locker instructions.
|
|
• ‘LAM’ – Linear Address Masking.
|
|
• ‘L1D_FLUSH’ – IA32_FLUSH_CMD MSR.
|
|
• ‘LAHF64_SAHF64’ – LAHF/SAHF available in 64-bit mode.
|
|
• ‘LM’ – Long mode.
|
|
• ‘LWP’ – Lightweight profiling.
|
|
• ‘LZCNT’ – LZCNT instruction.
|
|
• ‘MCA’ – Machine Check Architecture.
|
|
• ‘MCE’ – Machine Check Exception.
|
|
• ‘MD_CLEAR’ – MD_CLEAR.
|
|
• ‘MMX’ – Intel MMX Technology.
|
|
• ‘MONITOR’ – MONITOR/MWAIT instructions.
|
|
• ‘MOVBE’ – MOVBE instruction.
|
|
• ‘MOVDIRI’ – MOVDIRI instruction.
|
|
• ‘MOVDIR64B’ – MOVDIR64B instruction.
|
|
• ‘MPX’ – Intel Memory Protection Extensions.
|
|
• ‘MSR’ – Model Specific Registers RDMSR and WRMSR instructions.
|
|
• ‘MTRR’ – Memory Type Range Registers.
|
|
• ‘NX’ – No-execute page protection.
|
|
• ‘OSPKE’ – OS has set CR4.PKE to enable protection keys.
|
|
• ‘OSXSAVE’ – The OS has set CR4.OSXSAVE[bit 18] to enable
|
XSETBV/XGETBV instructions to access XCR0 and to support processor
|
extended state management using XSAVE/XRSTOR.
|
|
• ‘PAE’ – Physical Address Extension.
|
|
• ‘PAGE1GB’ – 1-GByte page.
|
|
• ‘PAT’ – Page Attribute Table.
|
|
• ‘PBE’ – Pending Break Enable.
|
|
• ‘PCID’ – Process-context identifiers.
|
|
• ‘PCLMULQDQ’ – PCLMULQDQ instruction.
|
|
• ‘PCONFIG’ – PCONFIG instruction.
|
|
• ‘PDCM’ – Perfmon and Debug Capability.
|
|
• ‘PGE’ – Page Global Bit.
|
|
• ‘PKS’ – Protection keys for supervisor-mode pages.
|
|
• ‘PKU’ – Protection keys for user-mode pages.
|
|
• ‘POPCNT’ – POPCNT instruction.
|
|
• ‘PREFETCHW’ – PREFETCHW instruction.
|
|
• ‘PREFETCHWT1’ – PREFETCHWT1 instruction.
|
|
• ‘PSE’ – Page Size Extension.
|
|
• ‘PSE_36’ – 36-Bit Page Size Extension.
|
|
• ‘PSN’ – Processor Serial Number.
|
|
• ‘RDPID’ – RDPID instruction.
|
|
• ‘RDRAND’ – RDRAND instruction.
|
|
• ‘RDSEED’ – RDSEED instruction.
|
|
• ‘RDT_A’ – Intel Resource Director Technology (Intel RDT) Allocation
|
capability.
|
|
• ‘RDT_M’ – Intel Resource Director Technology (Intel RDT) Monitoring
|
capability.
|
|
• ‘RDTSCP’ – RDTSCP instruction.
|
|
• ‘RTM’ – RTM instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘SDBG’ – IA32_DEBUG_INTERFACE MSR for silicon debug.
|
|
• ‘SEP’ – SYSENTER and SYSEXIT instructions.
|
|
• ‘SERIALIZE’ – SERIALIZE instruction.
|
|
• ‘SGX’ – Intel Software Guard Extensions.
|
|
• ‘SGX_LC’ – SGX Launch Configuration.
|
|
• ‘SHA’ – SHA instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘SHSTK’ – Intel Shadow Stack instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘SMAP’ – Supervisor-Mode Access Prevention.
|
|
• ‘SMEP’ – Supervisor-Mode Execution Prevention.
|
|
• ‘SMX’ – Safer Mode Extensions.
|
|
• ‘SS’ – Self Snoop.
|
|
• ‘SSBD’ – Speculative Store Bypass Disable (SSBD).
|
|
• ‘SSE’ – Streaming SIMD Extensions.
|
|
• ‘SSE2’ – Streaming SIMD Extensions 2.
|
|
• ‘SSE3’ – Streaming SIMD Extensions 3.
|
|
• ‘SSE4_1’ – Streaming SIMD Extensions 4.1.
|
|
• ‘SSE4_2’ – Streaming SIMD Extensions 4.2.
|
|
• ‘SSE4A’ – SSE4A instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘SSSE3’ – Supplemental Streaming SIMD Extensions 3.
|
|
• ‘STIBP’ – Single thread indirect branch predictors (STIBP).
|
|
• ‘SVM’ – Secure Virtual Machine.
|
|
• ‘SYSCALL_SYSRET’ – SYSCALL/SYSRET instructions.
|
|
• ‘TBM’ – Trailing bit manipulation instructions.
|
|
• ‘TM’ – Thermal Monitor.
|
|
• ‘TM2’ – Thermal Monitor 2.
|
|
• ‘TRACE’ – Intel Processor Trace.
|
|
• ‘TSC’ – Time Stamp Counter. RDTSC instruction.
|
|
• ‘TSC_ADJUST’ – IA32_TSC_ADJUST MSR.
|
|
• ‘TSC_DEADLINE’ – Local APIC timer supports one-shot operation using
|
a TSC deadline value.
|
|
• ‘TSXLDTRK’ – TSXLDTRK instructions.
|
|
• ‘UINTR’ – User interrupts.
|
|
• ‘UMIP’ – User-mode instruction prevention.
|
|
• ‘VAES’ – VAES instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘VME’ – Virtual 8086 Mode Enhancements.
|
|
• ‘VMX’ – Virtual Machine Extensions.
|
|
• ‘VPCLMULQDQ’ – VPCLMULQDQ instruction.
|
|
• ‘WAITPKG’ – WAITPKG instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘WBNOINVD’ – WBINVD/WBNOINVD instructions.
|
|
• ‘WIDE_KL’ – AES wide Key Locker instructions.
|
|
• ‘X2APIC’ – x2APIC.
|
|
• ‘XFD’ – Extended Feature Disable (XFD).
|
|
• ‘XGETBV_ECX_1’ – XGETBV with ECX = 1.
|
|
• ‘XOP’ – XOP instruction extensions.
|
|
• ‘XSAVE’ – The XSAVE/XRSTOR processor extended states feature, the
|
XSETBV/XGETBV instructions, and XCR0.
|
|
• ‘XSAVEC’ – XSAVEC instruction.
|
|
• ‘XSAVEOPT’ – XSAVEOPT instruction.
|
|
• ‘XSAVES’ – XSAVES/XRSTORS instructions.
|
|
• ‘XTPRUPDCTRL’ – xTPR Update Control.
|
|
You could query if a processor supports ‘AVX’ with:
|
|
#include <sys/platform/x86.h>
|
|
int
|
support_avx (void)
|
{
|
return HAS_CPU_FEATURE (AVX);
|
}
|
|
and if ‘AVX’ is usable with:
|
|
#include <sys/platform/x86.h>
|
|
int
|
usable_avx (void)
|
{
|
return CPU_FEATURE_USABLE (AVX);
|
}
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Contributors, Next: Free Manuals, Prev: Platform, Up: Top
|
|
Appendix F Contributors to the GNU C Library
|
********************************************
|
|
The GNU C Library project would like to thank its many contributors.
|
Without them the project would not have been nearly as successful as it
|
has been. Any omissions in this list are accidental. Feel free to file
|
a bug in bugzilla if you have been left out or some of your
|
contributions are not listed. Please keep this list in alphabetical
|
order.
|
|
• Nick Alcock for contributing fixes to allow the GNU C Library to be
|
built with the stack smashing protector enabled.
|
|
• John David Anglin for various fixes to the hppa port.
|
|
• Albert ARIBAUD for Y2038 related fixes.
|
|
• Ryan S. Arnold for his improvements for Linux on PowerPC and his
|
direction as FSF Project Steward for the GNU C Library.
|
|
• Miles Bader for writing the ‘argp’ argument-parsing package, and
|
the ‘argz’/‘envz’ interfaces.
|
|
• Ralf Bächle for contributing ‘fpu_control.h’, ‘regdef.h’,
|
‘sgidefs.h’, ‘sys/asm.h’, and ‘sys/regdef.h’ under the
|
‘sysdeps/mips’ directory.
|
|
• Jeff Bailey for his maintainership of the HPPA architecture.
|
|
• Petr Baudis for bug fixes and testing.
|
|
• Anton Blanchard for various fixes.
|
|
• Stephen R. van den Berg for contributing a highly-optimized
|
‘strstr’ function.
|
|
• Ondřej Bílka for contributing optimized string routines for x64 and
|
various fixes.
|
|
• Eric Blake for adding O(n) implementations of ‘memmem’, ‘strstr’
|
and ‘strcasestr’.
|
|
• Philip Blundell for the ports to Linux/ARM
|
(‘arm-ANYTHING-linuxaout’) and ARM standalone
|
(‘arm-ANYTHING-none’), as well as for parts of the IPv6 support
|
code.
|
|
• Per Bothner for the implementation of the ‘libio’ library which is
|
used to implement ‘stdio’ functions.
|
|
• Mark Brown for his direction as part of the GNU C Library steering
|
committee.
|
|
• Thomas Bushnell for his contributions to Hurd.
|
|
• Rogerio Alves Cardoso for various fixes to PowerPC.
|
|
• Paul Clarke for optimized functions on PowerPC.
|
|
• Mike Crowe for various fixes.
|
|
• Palmer Dabbelt for contributing the port to Linux/RISC-V.
|
|
• DJ Delorie for maintenance of Linux/RISC-V, and various fixes.
|
|
• Wilco Dijkstra for various fixes.
|
|
• Liubov Dmitrieva for optimized string and math functions on x86-64
|
and x86.
|
|
• Ulrich Drepper for his many contributions in almost all parts of
|
the GNU C Library, including:
|
• writing most of the POSIX Threads Library originally.
|
• internationalization support, including the ‘locale’ and
|
‘localedef’ utilities.
|
• Linux i386/ELF support
|
• the ‘hsearch’ and ‘drand48’ families of functions, reentrant
|
‘…‘_r’’ versions of the ‘random’ family; System V shared
|
memory and IPC support code
|
• several highly-optimized string functions for iX86 processors
|
• many math functions
|
• the character conversion functions (‘iconv’)
|
• the ‘ftw’ and ‘nftw’ functions
|
• the floating-point printing function used by ‘printf’ and
|
friends and the floating-point reading function used by
|
‘scanf’, ‘strtod’ and friends
|
• the ‘catgets’ support and the entire suite of multi-byte and
|
wide-character support functions (‘wctype.h’, ‘wchar.h’,
|
etc.).
|
• versioning of objects on the symbol level
|
|
• Richard Earnshaw for continued support and fixes to the various ARM
|
machine files.
|
|
• Paul Eggert for the ‘mktime’ function and for his direction as part
|
of the GNU C Library steering committee.
|
|
• Steve Ellcey for various fixes.
|
|
• Mike FABIAN for automating Unicode updates, for updating the locale
|
data for ISO 14651, for updating the library Unicode support, and
|
for various locale updates and fixes.
|
|
• Tulio Magno Quites Machado Filho for adding a new class of
|
installed headers for low-level platform-specific functionality and
|
one such for PowerPC and various fixes.
|
|
• Olaf Flebbe and Ralf Bächle for contributing
|
‘sysdeps/mips/fpu_control.h’.
|
|
• Alistair Francis for Y2038 related fixes.
|
|
• Mike Frysinger for his maintaining of the IA64 architecture and for
|
testing and bug fixing.
|
|
• Martin Galvan for contributing gdb pretty printer support to glibc
|
and adding an initial set of pretty printers for structures in the
|
POSIX Threads library.
|
|
• Michael Glad for the passphrase-hashing function ‘crypt’ and
|
related functions.
|
|
• Wolfram Gloger for contributing the memory allocation functions
|
functions ‘malloc’, ‘realloc’ and ‘free’ and related code.
|
|
• Gabriel F. T. Gomes for his improvements for Linux on PowerPC and
|
for implementing the IEEE 128-bit floating point type for PowerPC.
|
|
• Torbjörn Granlund for fast implementations of many of the string
|
functions (‘memcpy’, ‘strlen’, etc.).
|
|
• Michael J. Haertel for writing the merge sort function ‘qsort’ and
|
malloc checking functions like ‘mcheck’.
|
|
• Bruno Haible for his improvements to the ‘iconv’ and locale
|
implementations.
|
|
• Mao Han for the C-SKY port.
|
|
• Richard Henderson for the port to Linux on Alpha
|
(‘alpha-ANYTHING-linux’) and software floating-point support.
|
|
• David Holsgrove for the port to Linux on MicroBlaze.
|
|
• Leonhard Holz for various fixes.
|
|
• Daniel Jacobowitz for various fixes and enhancements.
|
|
• Andreas Jaeger for the port to Linux on x86-64
|
(‘x86_64-ANYTHING-linux’ and his work on Linux for MIPS
|
(‘mips-ANYTHING-linux’), implementing the ‘ldconfig’ program,
|
providing a test suite for the math library and for his direction
|
as part of the GNU C Library steering committee.
|
|
• Aurelien Jarno for various fixes.
|
|
• Rical Jasan for contributing various fixes in the GNU C Library
|
manual.
|
|
• Jakub Jelinek for implementing a number of checking functions,
|
software floating-point support and for his direction as part of
|
the GNU C Library steering committee.
|
|
• Simon Josefsson for the ‘libidn’ add-on.
|
|
• Geoffrey Keating for the port to Linux on PowerPC
|
(‘powerpc-ANYTHING-linux’).
|
|
• Brendan Kehoe for contributing the port to the MIPS DECStation
|
running Ultrix 4 (‘mips-dec-ultrix4’) and the port to the DEC Alpha
|
running OSF/1 (‘alpha-dec-osf1’).
|
|
• Mark Kettenis for implementing the ‘utmpx’ interface and a utmp
|
daemon, and for a Hesiod NSS module.
|
|
• Andi Kleen for implementing pthreads lock elision with TSX.
|
|
• Kazumoto Kojima for the port of the Mach and Hurd code to the MIPS
|
architecture (‘mips-ANYTHING-gnu’) and for his work on the SH
|
architecture.
|
|
• Maxim Kuvyrkov for various fixes.
|
|
• Andreas Krebbel for his work on Linux for s390 and s390x.
|
|
• Thorsten Kukuk for providing an implementation for NIS (YP) and
|
NIS+, securelevel 0, 1 and 2 and for the implementation for a
|
caching daemon for NSS (‘nscd’).
|
|
• Akhilesh Kumar for various fixes to locales.
|
|
• Jeff Law for various fixes.
|
|
• Doug Lea for contributing the memory allocation functions ‘malloc’,
|
‘realloc’ and ‘free’ and related code.
|
|
• Chris Leonard for various fixes and enhancements to localedata.
|
|
• Ilya Leoshkevich for various fixes.
|
|
• Dmitry V. Levin for various fixes.
|
|
• Stefan Liebler for various fixes.
|
|
• Hongjiu Lu for providing the support for a Linux 32-bit runtime
|
environment under x86-64 (x32), for porting to Linux on IA64, for
|
improved string functions, a framework for testing IFUNC
|
implementations, for implementing Intel Control-Flow Enforcement
|
Technology, and many bug fixes.
|
|
• Rafał Lużyński for contributing support for two grammatical forms
|
of month names, and for various fixes to locales.
|
|
• Luis Machado for optimized functions on PowerPC.
|
|
• David J. MacKenzie for his contribution to the ‘getopt’ function
|
and writing the ‘tar.h’ header.
|
|
• Lukasz Majewski for Y2038 related fixes.
|
|
• Greg McGary for adding runtime support for bounds checking.
|
|
• Roland McGrath for writing most of the GNU C Library originally,
|
for his work on the Hurd port, his direction as part of the GNU C
|
Library steering committee and as FSF Project Steward for the GNU C
|
Library, and for many bug fixes and reviewing of contributions.
|
|
• Allan McRae for various fixes.
|
|
• Jason Merrill for the port to the Sequent Symmetry running Dynix
|
version 3 (‘i386-sequent-bsd’).
|
|
• Chris Metcalf for the port to Linux/Tile (‘tilegx-ANYTHING-linux’
|
and ‘tilepro-ANYTHING-linux’) and support for the generic Linux
|
kernel syscall interface used by several newer ports.
|
|
• Jim Meyering for various fixes.
|
|
• David Miller for contributing the port to Linux/Sparc
|
(‘sparc*-ANYTHING-linux’).
|
|
• Alan Modra for his improvements for Linux on PowerPC.
|
|
• David Mosberger-Tang for contributing the port to Linux/Alpha
|
(‘alpha-ANYTHING-linux’).
|
|
• Wainer dos Santos Moschetta for various fixes to powerpc.
|
|
• Stephen Moshier for implementing some 128-bit long double format
|
math functions.
|
|
• Stephen Munroe for his port to Linux on PowerPC64
|
(‘powerpc64-ANYTHING-linux’) and for adding optimized
|
implementations for PowerPC.
|
|
• Paul E. Murphy for various fixes on PowerPC and for implementing
|
the IEEE 128-bit floating point type for PowerPC.
|
|
• Joseph S. Myers for numerous bug fixes for the libm functions, for
|
his maintainership of the ARM and MIPS architectures and the math
|
component, improving cross-compilation and cross-testing of the GNU
|
C Library, expanded coverage of conformtest, merging the ports/
|
subdirectory into the GNU C Library main repository and his
|
direction as FSF Project Steward for the GNU C Library.
|
|
• Marko Myllynen for various fixes.
|
|
• Szabolcs Nagy for various fixes.
|
|
• Will Newton for contributing some optimized string functions and
|
pointer encryption support for ARM and various fixes.
|
|
• Carlos O’Donell for his maintainership of the HPPA architecture,
|
for maintaining the GNU C Library web pages and wiki, for his
|
direction as FSF Project Steward for the GNU C Library and various
|
bug fixes.
|
|
• Alexandre Oliva for adding TLS descriptors for LD and GD on x86 and
|
x86-64, for the am33 port, for completing the MIPS n64/n32/o32
|
multilib port, for thread-safety, async-signal safety and
|
async-cancellation safety documentation in the manual, for his
|
direction as FSF Project Maintainer and for various fixes.
|
|
• Paul Pluzhnikov for various fixes.
|
|
• Marek Polacek for various fixes.
|
|
• Siddhesh Poyarekar for various fixes, an implementation of a
|
framework for performance benchmarking of functions and
|
implementing the tunables infrastructure.
|
|
• Tom Quinn for contributing the startup code to support SunOS shared
|
libraries and the port to SGI machines running Irix 4
|
(‘mips-sgi-irix4’).
|
|
• Torvald Riegel for the implementation of new algorithms for
|
semaphores, pthread_rwlock and condition variables.
|
|
• Maciej W. Rozycki for MIPS fixes, support for ABSOLUTE symbols, and
|
various fixes.
|
|
• Leonardo Sandoval for various fixes.
|
|
• Pravin Satpute for writing sorting rules for some Indian languages.
|
|
• Douglas C. Schmidt for writing the quick sort function used as a
|
fallback by ‘qsort’.
|
|
• Will Schmidt for optimized string functions on PowerPC.
|
|
• Andreas Schwab for the port to Linux/m68k (‘m68k-ANYTHING-linux’),
|
for his direction as part of the GNU C Library steering committee,
|
and for various bug fixes.
|
|
• Martin Schwidefsky for porting to Linux on s390
|
(‘s390-ANYTHING-linux’) and s390x (‘s390x-ANYTHING-linux’).
|
|
• Thomas Schwinge for his contribution to Hurd and the SH
|
architecture.
|
|
• Martin Sebor for various fixes.
|
|
• Andrew Senkevich for contributing vector math function
|
implementations for x86.
|
|
• Carlos Eduardo Seo for optimized functions on PowerPC.
|
|
• Arjun Shankar for testing and bug fixing.
|
|
• Marcus Shawcroft for contributing the AArch64 port.
|
|
• TAMUKI Shoichi for various fixes.
|
|
• Franz Sirl for various fixes.
|
|
• Jes Sorensen for porting to Linux on IA64 (‘ia64-ANYTHING-linux’).
|
|
• Rajalakshmi Srinivasaraghavan for various fixes and optimizations
|
on PowerPC and for implementing the IEEE 128-bit floating point
|
type for PowerPC.
|
|
• Richard Stallman for his contribution to the ‘getopt’ function.
|
|
• Alfred M. Szmidt for various fixes.
|
|
• Chung-Lin Tang for contributing the Nios II port.
|
|
• Ian Lance Taylor for contributing the port to the MIPS DECStation
|
running Ultrix 4 (‘mips-dec-ultrix4’).
|
|
• Samuel Thibault for improving the Hurd port.
|
|
• Pino Toscano for various fixes.
|
|
• Matt Turner for various fixes to the Alpha port.
|
|
• Tim Waugh for the implementation of the POSIX.2 ‘wordexp’ function
|
family.
|
|
• Ulrich Weigand for various fixes to the PowerPC64 and Arm ports.
|
|
• Florian Weimer for his maintainership of the network component, for
|
handling of security issues, and for various fixes.
|
|
• Zack Weinberg for the ‘explicit_bzero’ implementation and for
|
various fixes.
|
|
• Mark Wielaard for various fixes.
|
|
• Eric Youngdale for implementing versioning of objects on the symbol
|
level.
|
|
• Adhemerval Zanella for optimized functions on PowerPC, ISO C
|
threads support and various fixes.
|
|
• Xuelei Zhang for optimized functions on AArch64.
|
|
Some code in the GNU C Library comes from other projects and might be
|
under a different license:
|
|
• The timezone support code is derived from the public-domain
|
timezone package by Arthur David Olson and his many contributors.
|
|
• Some of the support code for Mach is taken from Mach 3.0 by CMU;
|
the file ‘if_ppp.h’ is also copyright by CMU, but under a different
|
license; see the file ‘LICENSES’ for the text of the licenses.
|
|
• The random number generation functions ‘random’, ‘srandom’,
|
‘setstate’ and ‘initstate’, which are also the basis for the ‘rand’
|
and ‘srand’ functions, were written by Earl T. Cohen for the
|
University of California at Berkeley and are copyrighted by the
|
Regents of the University of California. They have undergone minor
|
changes to fit into the GNU C Library and to fit the ISO C
|
standard, but the functional code is Berkeley’s.
|
|
• The Internet-related code (most of the ‘inet’ subdirectory) and
|
several other miscellaneous functions and header files have been
|
included from 4.4 BSD with little or no modification. The copying
|
permission notice for this code can be found in the file ‘LICENSES’
|
in the source distribution.
|
|
• The ‘getaddrinfo’ and ‘getnameinfo’ functions and supporting code
|
were written by Craig Metz; see the file ‘LICENSES’ for details on
|
their licensing.
|
|
• The DNS resolver code is taken directly from BIND 8.2.3-T5B, which
|
includes copyrighted code from UC Berkeley and from Digital
|
Equipment Corporation. See the file ‘LICENSES’ for the text of the
|
DEC license.
|
|
• The code to support Sun RPC is taken verbatim from Sun’s RPCSRC-4.0
|
distribution; see the file ‘LICENSES’ for the text of the license.
|
|
• The math functions are taken from ‘fdlibm-5.1’ by Sun Microsystems,
|
as modified by J.T. Conklin, Ian Lance Taylor, Ulrich Drepper,
|
Andreas Schwab, and Roland McGrath.
|
|
• Many of the IEEE 64-bit double precision math functions (in the
|
‘sysdeps/ieee754/dbl-64’ subdirectory) come from the IBM Accurate
|
Mathematical Library, contributed by IBM.
|
|
• Many of the IA64 math functions are taken from a collection of
|
“Highly Optimized Mathematical Functions for Itanium” that Intel
|
makes available under a free license; see the file ‘LICENSES’ for
|
details.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Free Manuals, Next: Copying, Prev: Contributors, Up: Top
|
|
Appendix G Free Software Needs Free Documentation
|
*************************************************
|
|
The biggest deficiency in the free software community today is not in
|
the software—it is the lack of good free documentation that we can
|
include with the free software. Many of our most important programs do
|
not come with free reference manuals and free introductory texts.
|
Documentation is an essential part of any software package; when an
|
important free software package does not come with a free manual and a
|
free tutorial, that is a major gap. We have many such gaps today.
|
|
Consider Perl, for instance. The tutorial manuals that people
|
normally use are non-free. How did this come about? Because the
|
authors of those manuals published them with restrictive terms—no
|
copying, no modification, source files not available—which exclude them
|
from the free software world.
|
|
That wasn’t the first time this sort of thing happened, and it was
|
far from the last. Many times we have heard a GNU user eagerly describe
|
a manual that he is writing, his intended contribution to the community,
|
only to learn that he had ruined everything by signing a publication
|
contract to make it non-free.
|
|
Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not
|
price. The problem with the non-free manual is not that publishers
|
charge a price for printed copies—that in itself is fine. (The Free
|
Software Foundation sells printed copies of manuals, too.) The problem
|
is the restrictions on the use of the manual. Free manuals are
|
available in source code form, and give you permission to copy and
|
modify. Non-free manuals do not allow this.
|
|
The criteria of freedom for a free manual are roughly the same as for
|
free software. Redistribution (including the normal kinds of commercial
|
redistribution) must be permitted, so that the manual can accompany
|
every copy of the program, both on-line and on paper.
|
|
Permission for modification of the technical content is crucial too.
|
When people modify the software, adding or changing features, if they
|
are conscientious they will change the manual too—so they can provide
|
accurate and clear documentation for the modified program. A manual
|
that leaves you no choice but to write a new manual to document a
|
changed version of the program is not really available to our community.
|
|
Some kinds of limits on the way modification is handled are
|
acceptable. For example, requirements to preserve the original author’s
|
copyright notice, the distribution terms, or the list of authors, are
|
ok. It is also no problem to require modified versions to include
|
notice that they were modified. Even entire sections that may not be
|
deleted or changed are acceptable, as long as they deal with
|
nontechnical topics (like this one). These kinds of restrictions are
|
acceptable because they don’t obstruct the community’s normal use of the
|
manual.
|
|
However, it must be possible to modify all the _technical_ content of
|
the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media,
|
through all the usual channels. Otherwise, the restrictions obstruct
|
the use of the manual, it is not free, and we need another manual to
|
replace it.
|
|
Please spread the word about this issue. Our community continues to
|
lose manuals to proprietary publishing. If we spread the word that free
|
software needs free reference manuals and free tutorials, perhaps the
|
next person who wants to contribute by writing documentation will
|
realize, before it is too late, that only free manuals contribute to the
|
free software community.
|
|
If you are writing documentation, please insist on publishing it
|
under the GNU Free Documentation License or another free documentation
|
license. Remember that this decision requires your approval—you don’t
|
have to let the publisher decide. Some commercial publishers will use a
|
free license if you insist, but they will not propose the option; it is
|
up to you to raise the issue and say firmly that this is what you want.
|
If the publisher you are dealing with refuses, please try other
|
publishers. If you’re not sure whether a proposed license is free,
|
write to <licensing@gnu.org>.
|
|
You can encourage commercial publishers to sell more free, copylefted
|
manuals and tutorials by buying them, and particularly by buying copies
|
from the publishers that paid for their writing or for major
|
improvements. Meanwhile, try to avoid buying non-free documentation at
|
all. Check the distribution terms of a manual before you buy it, and
|
insist that whoever seeks your business must respect your freedom.
|
Check the history of the book, and try reward the publishers that have
|
paid or pay the authors to work on it.
|
|
The Free Software Foundation maintains a list of free documentation
|
published by other publishers, at
|
<https://www.fsf.org/doc/other-free-books.html>.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Copying, Next: Documentation License, Prev: Free Manuals, Up: Top
|
|
Appendix H GNU Lesser General Public License
|
********************************************
|
|
Version 2.1, February 1999
|
|
Copyright © 1991, 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
|
|
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
|
[This is the first released version of the Lesser GPL. It also counts
|
as the successor of the GNU Library Public License, version 2, hence the
|
version number 2.1.]
|
|
Preamble
|
--------
|
|
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to
|
share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public Licenses are
|
intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software—to
|
make sure the software is free for all its users.
|
|
This license, the Lesser General Public License, applies to some
|
specially designated software—typically libraries—of the Free Software
|
Foundation and other authors who decide to use it. You can use it too,
|
but we suggest you first think carefully about whether this license or
|
the ordinary General Public License is the better strategy to use in any
|
particular case, based on the explanations below.
|
|
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom of use,
|
not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that
|
you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge
|
for this service if you wish); that you receive source code or can get
|
it if you want it; that you can change the software and use pieces of it
|
in new free programs; and that you are informed that you can do these
|
things.
|
|
To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
|
distributors to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender these
|
rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for
|
you if you distribute copies of the library or if you modify it.
|
|
For example, if you distribute copies of the library, whether gratis
|
or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that we gave
|
you. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source
|
code. If you link other code with the library, you must provide
|
complete object files to the recipients, so that they can relink them
|
with the library after making changes to the library and recompiling it.
|
And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
|
|
We protect your rights with a two-step method: (1) we copyright the
|
library, and (2) we offer you this license, which gives you legal
|
permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the library.
|
|
To protect each distributor, we want to make it very clear that there
|
is no warranty for the free library. Also, if the library is modified
|
by someone else and passed on, the recipients should know that what they
|
have is not the original version, so that the original author’s
|
reputation will not be affected by problems that might be introduced by
|
others.
|
|
Finally, software patents pose a constant threat to the existence of
|
any free program. We wish to make sure that a company cannot
|
effectively restrict the users of a free program by obtaining a
|
restrictive license from a patent holder. Therefore, we insist that any
|
patent license obtained for a version of the library must be consistent
|
with the full freedom of use specified in this license.
|
|
Most GNU software, including some libraries, is covered by the
|
ordinary GNU General Public License. This license, the GNU Lesser
|
General Public License, applies to certain designated libraries, and is
|
quite different from the ordinary General Public License. We use this
|
license for certain libraries in order to permit linking those libraries
|
into non-free programs.
|
|
When a program is linked with a library, whether statically or using
|
a shared library, the combination of the two is legally speaking a
|
combined work, a derivative of the original library. The ordinary
|
General Public License therefore permits such linking only if the entire
|
combination fits its criteria of freedom. The Lesser General Public
|
License permits more lax criteria for linking other code with the
|
library.
|
|
We call this license the "Lesser" General Public License because it
|
does _Less_ to protect the user’s freedom than the ordinary General
|
Public License. It also provides other free software developers Less of
|
an advantage over competing non-free programs. These disadvantages are
|
the reason we use the ordinary General Public License for many
|
libraries. However, the Lesser license provides advantages in certain
|
special circumstances.
|
|
For example, on rare occasions, there may be a special need to
|
encourage the widest possible use of a certain library, so that it
|
becomes a de-facto standard. To achieve this, non-free programs must be
|
allowed to use the library. A more frequent case is that a free library
|
does the same job as widely used non-free libraries. In this case,
|
there is little to gain by limiting the free library to free software
|
only, so we use the Lesser General Public License.
|
|
In other cases, permission to use a particular library in non-free
|
programs enables a greater number of people to use a large body of free
|
software. For example, permission to use the GNU C Library in non-free
|
programs enables many more people to use the whole GNU operating system,
|
as well as its variant, the GNU/Linux operating system.
|
|
Although the Lesser General Public License is Less protective of the
|
users’ freedom, it does ensure that the user of a program that is linked
|
with the Library has the freedom and the wherewithal to run that program
|
using a modified version of the Library.
|
|
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
|
modification follow. Pay close attention to the difference between a
|
“work based on the library” and a “work that uses the library”. The
|
former contains code derived from the library, whereas the latter must
|
be combined with the library in order to run.
|
|
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
|
---------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
0. This License Agreement applies to any software library or other
|
program which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder or
|
other authorized party saying it may be distributed under the terms
|
of this Lesser General Public License (also called “this License”).
|
Each licensee is addressed as “you”.
|
|
A “library” means a collection of software functions and/or data
|
prepared so as to be conveniently linked with application programs
|
(which use some of those functions and data) to form executables.
|
|
The “Library”, below, refers to any such software library or work
|
which has been distributed under these terms. A “work based on the
|
Library” means either the Library or any derivative work under
|
copyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Library or a
|
portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications and/or
|
translated straightforwardly into another language. (Hereinafter,
|
translation is included without limitation in the term
|
“modification”.)
|
|
“Source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for
|
making modifications to it. For a library, complete source code
|
means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
|
associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
|
control compilation and installation of the library.
|
|
Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are
|
not covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act
|
of running a program using the Library is not restricted, and
|
output from such a program is covered only if its contents
|
constitute a work based on the Library (independent of the use of
|
the Library in a tool for writing it). Whether that is true
|
depends on what the Library does and what the program that uses the
|
Library does.
|
|
1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Library’s
|
complete source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided
|
that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an
|
appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep
|
intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the
|
absence of any warranty; and distribute a copy of this License
|
along with the Library.
|
|
You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy,
|
and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange
|
for a fee.
|
|
2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Library or any portion of
|
it, thus forming a work based on the Library, and copy and
|
distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
|
above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
|
|
a. The modified work must itself be a software library.
|
|
b. You must cause the files modified to carry prominent notices
|
stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
|
|
c. You must cause the whole of the work to be licensed at no
|
charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.
|
|
d. If a facility in the modified Library refers to a function or
|
a table of data to be supplied by an application program that
|
uses the facility, other than as an argument passed when the
|
facility is invoked, then you must make a good faith effort to
|
ensure that, in the event an application does not supply such
|
function or table, the facility still operates, and performs
|
whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful.
|
|
(For example, a function in a library to compute square roots
|
has a purpose that is entirely well-defined independent of the
|
application. Therefore, Subsection 2d requires that any
|
application-supplied function or table used by this function
|
must be optional: if the application does not supply it, the
|
square root function must still compute square roots.)
|
|
These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
|
identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the
|
Library, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate
|
works in themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply
|
to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But
|
when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a
|
work based on the Library, the distribution of the whole must be on
|
the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees
|
extend to the entire whole, and thus to each and every part
|
regardless of who wrote it.
|
|
Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
|
contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the
|
intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of
|
derivative or collective works based on the Library.
|
|
In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
|
Library with the Library (or with a work based on the Library) on a
|
volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other
|
work under the scope of this License.
|
|
3. You may opt to apply the terms of the ordinary GNU General Public
|
License instead of this License to a given copy of the Library. To
|
do this, you must alter all the notices that refer to this License,
|
so that they refer to the ordinary GNU General Public License,
|
version 2, instead of to this License. (If a newer version than
|
version 2 of the ordinary GNU General Public License has appeared,
|
then you can specify that version instead if you wish.) Do not
|
make any other change in these notices.
|
|
Once this change is made in a given copy, it is irreversible for
|
that copy, so the ordinary GNU General Public License applies to
|
all subsequent copies and derivative works made from that copy.
|
|
This option is useful when you wish to copy part of the code of the
|
Library into a program that is not a library.
|
|
4. You may copy and distribute the Library (or a portion or derivative
|
of it, under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the
|
terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you accompany it with
|
the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must
|
be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a
|
medium customarily used for software interchange.
|
|
If distribution of object code is made by offering access to copy
|
from a designated place, then offering equivalent access to copy
|
the source code from the same place satisfies the requirement to
|
distribute the source code, even though third parties are not
|
compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
|
|
5. A program that contains no derivative of any portion of the
|
Library, but is designed to work with the Library by being compiled
|
or linked with it, is called a “work that uses the Library”. Such
|
a work, in isolation, is not a derivative work of the Library, and
|
therefore falls outside the scope of this License.
|
|
However, linking a “work that uses the Library” with the Library
|
creates an executable that is a derivative of the Library (because
|
it contains portions of the Library), rather than a “work that uses
|
the library”. The executable is therefore covered by this License.
|
Section 6 states terms for distribution of such executables.
|
|
When a “work that uses the Library” uses material from a header
|
file that is part of the Library, the object code for the work may
|
be a derivative work of the Library even though the source code is
|
not. Whether this is true is especially significant if the work
|
can be linked without the Library, or if the work is itself a
|
library. The threshold for this to be true is not precisely
|
defined by law.
|
|
If such an object file uses only numerical parameters, data
|
structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline
|
functions (ten lines or less in length), then the use of the object
|
file is unrestricted, regardless of whether it is legally a
|
derivative work. (Executables containing this object code plus
|
portions of the Library will still fall under Section 6.)
|
|
Otherwise, if the work is a derivative of the Library, you may
|
distribute the object code for the work under the terms of Section
|
6. Any executables containing that work also fall under Section 6,
|
whether or not they are linked directly with the Library itself.
|
|
6. As an exception to the Sections above, you may also combine or link
|
a “work that uses the Library” with the Library to produce a work
|
containing portions of the Library, and distribute that work under
|
terms of your choice, provided that the terms permit modification
|
of the work for the customer’s own use and reverse engineering for
|
debugging such modifications.
|
|
You must give prominent notice with each copy of the work that the
|
Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered
|
by this License. You must supply a copy of this License. If the
|
work during execution displays copyright notices, you must include
|
the copyright notice for the Library among them, as well as a
|
reference directing the user to the copy of this License. Also,
|
you must do one of these things:
|
|
a. Accompany the work with the complete corresponding
|
machine-readable source code for the Library including
|
whatever changes were used in the work (which must be
|
distributed under Sections 1 and 2 above); and, if the work is
|
an executable linked with the Library, with the complete
|
machine-readable “work that uses the Library”, as object code
|
and/or source code, so that the user can modify the Library
|
and then relink to produce a modified executable containing
|
the modified Library. (It is understood that the user who
|
changes the contents of definitions files in the Library will
|
not necessarily be able to recompile the application to use
|
the modified definitions.)
|
|
b. Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the
|
Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (1) uses at run
|
time a copy of the library already present on the user’s
|
computer system, rather than copying library functions into
|
the executable, and (2) will operate properly with a modified
|
version of the library, if the user installs one, as long as
|
the modified version is interface-compatible with the version
|
that the work was made with.
|
|
c. Accompany the work with a written offer, valid for at least
|
three years, to give the same user the materials specified in
|
Subsection 6a, above, for a charge no more than the cost of
|
performing this distribution.
|
|
d. If distribution of the work is made by offering access to copy
|
from a designated place, offer equivalent access to copy the
|
above specified materials from the same place.
|
|
e. Verify that the user has already received a copy of these
|
materials or that you have already sent this user a copy.
|
|
For an executable, the required form of the “work that uses the
|
Library” must include any data and utility programs needed for
|
reproducing the executable from it. However, as a special
|
exception, the materials to be distributed need not include
|
anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
|
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of
|
the operating system on which the executable runs, unless that
|
component itself accompanies the executable.
|
|
It may happen that this requirement contradicts the license
|
restrictions of other proprietary libraries that do not normally
|
accompany the operating system. Such a contradiction means you
|
cannot use both them and the Library together in an executable that
|
you distribute.
|
|
7. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the
|
Library side-by-side in a single library together with other
|
library facilities not covered by this License, and distribute such
|
a combined library, provided that the separate distribution of the
|
work based on the Library and of the other library facilities is
|
otherwise permitted, and provided that you do these two things:
|
|
a. Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work
|
based on the Library, uncombined with any other library
|
facilities. This must be distributed under the terms of the
|
Sections above.
|
|
b. Give prominent notice with the combined library of the fact
|
that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining
|
where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same
|
work.
|
|
8. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or distribute the
|
Library except as expressly provided under this License. Any
|
attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, link with, or
|
distribute the Library is void, and will automatically terminate
|
your rights under this License. However, parties who have received
|
copies, or rights, from you under this License will not have their
|
licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full
|
compliance.
|
|
9. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
|
signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify
|
or distribute the Library or its derivative works. These actions
|
are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.
|
Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Library (or any work
|
based on the Library), you indicate your acceptance of this License
|
to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying,
|
distributing or modifying the Library or works based on it.
|
|
10. Each time you redistribute the Library (or any work based on the
|
Library), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
|
original licensor to copy, distribute, link with or modify the
|
Library subject to these terms and conditions. You may not impose
|
any further restrictions on the recipients’ exercise of the rights
|
granted herein. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance
|
by third parties with this License.
|
|
11. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
|
infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent
|
issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order,
|
agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this
|
License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this
|
License. If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously
|
your obligations under this License and any other pertinent
|
obligations, then as a consequence you may not distribute the
|
Library at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit
|
royalty-free redistribution of the Library by all those who receive
|
copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only way you
|
could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely
|
from distribution of the Library.
|
|
If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable
|
under any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is
|
intended to apply, and the section as a whole is intended to apply
|
in other circumstances.
|
|
It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
|
patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of
|
any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting
|
the integrity of the free software distribution system which is
|
implemented by public license practices. Many people have made
|
generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
|
through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
|
system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is
|
willing to distribute software through any other system and a
|
licensee cannot impose that choice.
|
|
This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed
|
to be a consequence of the rest of this License.
|
|
12. If the distribution and/or use of the Library is restricted in
|
certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces,
|
the original copyright holder who places the Library under this
|
License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation
|
excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only
|
in or among countries not thus excluded. In such case, this
|
License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of
|
this License.
|
|
13. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new
|
versions of the Lesser General Public License from time to time.
|
Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version,
|
but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
|
|
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
|
Library specifies a version number of this License which applies to
|
it and “any later version”, you have the option of following the
|
terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version
|
published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library does not
|
specify a license version number, you may choose any version ever
|
published by the Free Software Foundation.
|
|
14. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Library into other free
|
programs whose distribution conditions are incompatible with these,
|
write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is
|
copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free
|
Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our
|
decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free
|
status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the
|
sharing and reuse of software generally.
|
|
NO WARRANTY
|
|
15. BECAUSE THE LIBRARY IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
|
WARRANTY FOR THE LIBRARY, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
|
LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
|
AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE LIBRARY “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY
|
OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
|
LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
|
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND
|
PERFORMANCE OF THE LIBRARY IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE LIBRARY PROVE
|
DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR
|
OR CORRECTION.
|
|
16. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN
|
WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY
|
MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE LIBRARY AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE
|
LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL,
|
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR
|
INABILITY TO USE THE LIBRARY (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
|
DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU
|
OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE LIBRARY TO OPERATE WITH ANY
|
OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN
|
ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
|
|
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
|
---------------------------
|
|
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Libraries
|
----------------------------------------------
|
|
If you develop a new library, and you want it to be of the greatest
|
possible use to the public, we recommend making it free software that
|
everyone can redistribute and change. You can do so by permitting
|
redistribution under these terms (or, alternatively, under the terms of
|
the ordinary General Public License).
|
|
To apply these terms, attach the following notices to the library.
|
It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most
|
effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have
|
at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is
|
found.
|
|
ONE LINE TO GIVE THE LIBRARY'S NAME AND AN IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
|
Copyright (C) YEAR NAME OF AUTHOR
|
|
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
|
under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
|
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at
|
your option) any later version.
|
|
This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
|
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
|
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
|
Lesser General Public License for more details.
|
|
You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
|
License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
|
Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301,
|
USA.
|
|
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
|
mail.
|
|
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
|
your school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the library,
|
if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
|
|
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the library
|
`Frob' (a library for tweaking knobs) written by James Random Hacker.
|
|
SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1990
|
Ty Coon, President of Vice
|
|
That’s all there is to it!
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Documentation License, Next: Concept Index, Prev: Copying, Up: Top
|
|
Appendix I GNU Free Documentation License
|
*****************************************
|
|
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
|
|
Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
|
<https://fsf.org/>
|
|
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
|
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
|
|
0. PREAMBLE
|
|
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
|
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
|
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
|
with or without modifying it, either commercially or
|
noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
|
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while not
|
being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
|
|
This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative
|
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense.
|
It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
|
license designed for free software.
|
|
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
|
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a
|
free program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms
|
that the software does. But this License is not limited to
|
software manuals; it can be used for any textual work, regardless
|
of subject matter or whether it is published as a printed book. We
|
recommend this License principally for works whose purpose is
|
instruction or reference.
|
|
1. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
|
|
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
|
that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can
|
be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
|
grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration,
|
to use that work under the conditions stated herein. The
|
“Document”, below, refers to any such manual or work. Any member
|
of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as “you”. You accept
|
the license if you copy, modify or distribute the work in a way
|
requiring permission under copyright law.
|
|
A “Modified Version” of the Document means any work containing the
|
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
|
modifications and/or translated into another language.
|
|
A “Secondary Section” is a named appendix or a front-matter section
|
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
|
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall
|
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could
|
fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document
|
is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not
|
explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
|
historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or
|
of legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
|
regarding them.
|
|
The “Invariant Sections” are certain Secondary Sections whose
|
titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the
|
notice that says that the Document is released under this License.
|
If a section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it
|
is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may
|
contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify
|
any Invariant Sections then there are none.
|
|
The “Cover Texts” are certain short passages of text that are
|
listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice
|
that says that the Document is released under this License. A
|
Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may
|
be at most 25 words.
|
|
A “Transparent” copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
|
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
|
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
|
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
|
of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
|
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
|
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
|
suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
|
Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has
|
been arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by
|
readers is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if
|
used for any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not
|
“Transparent” is called “Opaque”.
|
|
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
|
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
|
SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming
|
simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.
|
Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
|
Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and
|
edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which
|
the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and
|
the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
|
processors for output purposes only.
|
|
The “Title Page” means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
|
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
|
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For
|
works in formats which do not have any title page as such, “Title
|
Page” means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
|
work’s title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
|
|
The “publisher” means any person or entity that distributes copies
|
of the Document to the public.
|
|
A section “Entitled XYZ” means a named subunit of the Document
|
whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
|
following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
|
stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
|
“Acknowledgements”, “Dedications”, “Endorsements”, or “History”.)
|
To “Preserve the Title” of such a section when you modify the
|
Document means that it remains a section “Entitled XYZ” according
|
to this definition.
|
|
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
|
which states that this License applies to the Document. These
|
Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
|
this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
|
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and
|
has no effect on the meaning of this License.
|
|
2. VERBATIM COPYING
|
|
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
|
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
|
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License
|
applies to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you
|
add no other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You
|
may not use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading
|
or further copying of the copies you make or distribute. However,
|
you may accept compensation in exchange for copies. If you
|
distribute a large enough number of copies you must also follow the
|
conditions in section 3.
|
|
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
|
and you may publicly display copies.
|
|
3. COPYING IN QUANTITY
|
|
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
|
have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and
|
the Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
|
enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all
|
these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
|
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
|
and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
|
front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
|
equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the
|
covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
|
long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
|
conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
|
|
If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
|
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
|
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto
|
adjacent pages.
|
|
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
|
numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
|
Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
|
each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
|
network-using public has access to download using public-standard
|
network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free
|
of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
|
reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
|
copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
|
remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
|
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly or
|
through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
|
|
It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
|
the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
|
to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
|
Document.
|
|
4. MODIFICATIONS
|
|
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
|
under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
|
release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
|
Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
|
distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
|
possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in
|
the Modified Version:
|
|
A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
|
distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
|
versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
|
History section of the Document). You may use the same title
|
as a previous version if the original publisher of that
|
version gives permission.
|
|
B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
|
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
|
the Modified Version, together with at least five of the
|
principal authors of the Document (all of its principal
|
authors, if it has fewer than five), unless they release you
|
from this requirement.
|
|
C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
|
Modified Version, as the publisher.
|
|
D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
|
|
E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
|
adjacent to the other copyright notices.
|
|
F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
|
notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
|
Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in
|
the Addendum below.
|
|
G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
|
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s
|
license notice.
|
|
H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
|
|
I. Preserve the section Entitled “History”, Preserve its Title,
|
and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
|
authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the
|
Title Page. If there is no section Entitled “History” in the
|
Document, create one stating the title, year, authors, and
|
publisher of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add
|
an item describing the Modified Version as stated in the
|
previous sentence.
|
|
J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
|
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
|
likewise the network locations given in the Document for
|
previous versions it was based on. These may be placed in the
|
“History” section. You may omit a network location for a work
|
that was published at least four years before the Document
|
itself, or if the original publisher of the version it refers
|
to gives permission.
|
|
K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”,
|
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
|
all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
|
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
|
|
L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
|
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
|
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
|
|
M. Delete any section Entitled “Endorsements”. Such a section
|
may not be included in the Modified Version.
|
|
N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
|
“Endorsements” or to conflict in title with any Invariant
|
Section.
|
|
O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
|
|
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
|
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no
|
material copied from the Document, you may at your option designate
|
some or all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their
|
titles to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s
|
license notice. These titles must be distinct from any other
|
section titles.
|
|
You may add a section Entitled “Endorsements”, provided it contains
|
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
|
parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
|
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of
|
a standard.
|
|
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
|
and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
|
the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage
|
of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
|
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document
|
already includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added
|
by you or by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on
|
behalf of, you may not add another; but you may replace the old
|
one, on explicit permission from the previous publisher that added
|
the old one.
|
|
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
|
License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
|
assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
|
|
5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
|
|
You may combine the Document with other documents released under
|
this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for
|
modified versions, provided that you include in the combination all
|
of the Invariant Sections of all of the original documents,
|
unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
|
combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all
|
their Warranty Disclaimers.
|
|
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
|
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
|
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
|
but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
|
by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the
|
original author or publisher of that section if known, or else a
|
unique number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in
|
the list of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the
|
combined work.
|
|
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
|
“History” in the various original documents, forming one section
|
Entitled “History”; likewise combine any sections Entitled
|
“Acknowledgements”, and any sections Entitled “Dedications”. You
|
must delete all sections Entitled “Endorsements.”
|
|
6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
|
|
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
|
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
|
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
|
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
|
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
|
in all other respects.
|
|
You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
|
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert
|
a copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
|
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
|
document.
|
|
7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
|
|
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
|
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
|
storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the
|
copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the
|
legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual
|
works permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this
|
License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which
|
are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
|
|
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
|
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half
|
of the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed
|
on covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
|
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
|
form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket
|
the whole aggregate.
|
|
8. TRANSLATION
|
|
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
|
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
|
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
|
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
|
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
|
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
|
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
|
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
|
include the original English version of this License and the
|
original versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a
|
disagreement between the translation and the original version of
|
this License or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will
|
prevail.
|
|
If a section in the Document is Entitled “Acknowledgements”,
|
“Dedications”, or “History”, the requirement (section 4) to
|
Preserve its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the
|
actual title.
|
|
9. TERMINATION
|
|
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
|
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
|
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void,
|
and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
|
|
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
|
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
|
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
|
finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the
|
copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some
|
reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
|
|
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
|
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
|
violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
|
received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from
|
that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days
|
after your receipt of the notice.
|
|
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate
|
the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you
|
under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not
|
permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all of the
|
same material does not give you any rights to use it.
|
|
10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
|
|
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
|
the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new
|
versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may
|
differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See
|
<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
|
|
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
|
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered
|
version of this License “or any later version” applies to it, you
|
have the option of following the terms and conditions either of
|
that specified version or of any later version that has been
|
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the
|
Document does not specify a version number of this License, you may
|
choose any version ever published (not as a draft) by the Free
|
Software Foundation. If the Document specifies that a proxy can
|
decide which future versions of this License can be used, that
|
proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently
|
authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
|
|
11. RELICENSING
|
|
“Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site” (or “MMC Site”) means any
|
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
|
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
|
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server.
|
A “Massive Multiauthor Collaboration” (or “MMC”) contained in the
|
site means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC
|
site.
|
|
“CC-BY-SA” means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0
|
license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a not-for-profit
|
corporation with a principal place of business in San Francisco,
|
California, as well as future copyleft versions of that license
|
published by that same organization.
|
|
“Incorporate” means to publish or republish a Document, in whole or
|
in part, as part of another Document.
|
|
An MMC is “eligible for relicensing” if it is licensed under this
|
License, and if all works that were first published under this
|
License somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently
|
incorporated in whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover
|
texts or invariant sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior
|
to November 1, 2008.
|
|
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in the
|
site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before August 1,
|
2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
|
|
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
|
====================================================
|
|
To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
|
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
|
notices just after the title page:
|
|
Copyright (C) YEAR YOUR NAME.
|
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
|
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
|
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
|
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
|
Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
|
Free Documentation License''.
|
|
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
|
Texts, replace the “with…Texts.” line with this:
|
|
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with
|
the Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts
|
being LIST.
|
|
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
|
combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
|
situation.
|
|
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
|
recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
|
software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
|
their use in free software.
|
|
|
File: libc.info, Node: Concept Index, Next: Type Index, Prev: Documentation License, Up: Top
|
|
Concept Index
|
*************
|
|
[index ]
|
* Menu:
|
|
* !posix: Other Safety Remarks.
|
(line 135)
|
* .lib section in a.out corrupted: Error Codes. (line 754)
|
* /condition: Other Safety Remarks.
|
(line 168)
|
* /etc/hostname: Host Identification. (line 93)
|
* ‘/etc/nsswitch.conf’: NSS Configuration File.
|
(line 6)
|
* 4.N BSD Unix: Berkeley Unix. (line 6)
|
* :identifier: Other Safety Remarks.
|
(line 147)
|
* ?: Error Codes. (line 563)
|
* ‘_POSIX_OPTION_ORDER’ environment variable.: Standard Environment.
|
(line 118)
|
* ‘_POSIX_SAVED_IDS’: How Change Persona. (line 6)
|
* abort signal: Program Error Signals.
|
(line 141)
|
* aborting a program: Aborting a Program. (line 6)
|
* absolute file name: File Name Resolution.
|
(line 19)
|
* absolute priority: Absolute Priority. (line 6)
|
* absolute value functions: Absolute Value. (line 6)
|
* AC-Safe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 49)
|
* AC-Unsafe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 68)
|
* accepting connections: Accepting Connections.
|
(line 6)
|
* access permission for a file: Access Permission. (line 6)
|
* access, testing for: Testing File Access. (line 6)
|
* Accessing a corrupted shared library: Error Codes. (line 750)
|
* accessing directories: Accessing Directories.
|
(line 6)
|
* Address already in use: Error Codes. (line 330)
|
* Address family not supported by protocol: Error Codes. (line 324)
|
* address of socket: Socket Addresses. (line 6)
|
* address space: Memory Subsystem. (line 6)
|
* address space <1>: Program Basics. (line 6)
|
* Advertise error: Error Codes. (line 718)
|
* alarm signal: Alarm Signals. (line 20)
|
* alarms, setting: Setting an Alarm. (line 10)
|
* aliases: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* alignment (in obstacks): Obstacks Data Alignment.
|
(line 6)
|
* alignment (with ‘malloc’): Aligned Memory Blocks.
|
(line 6)
|
* ‘alloca’ disadvantages: Disadvantages of Alloca.
|
(line 6)
|
* ‘alloca’ function: Variable Size Automatic.
|
(line 6)
|
* allocating file storage: Storage Allocation. (line 6)
|
* allocating pseudo-terminals: Allocation. (line 6)
|
* allocation (obstacks): Allocation in an Obstack.
|
(line 6)
|
* allocation debugging: Allocation Debugging.
|
(line 6)
|
* allocation hooks, for ‘malloc’: Hooks for Malloc. (line 6)
|
* allocation of memory with ‘malloc’: Basic Allocation. (line 6)
|
* allocation size of string: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 61)
|
* allocation statistics: Statistics of Malloc.
|
(line 6)
|
* alphabetic character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 43)
|
* alphabetic character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 93)
|
* alphanumeric character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 64)
|
* alphanumeric character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 77)
|
* alternative ‘malloc’ implementations: Replacing malloc. (line 6)
|
* append-access files: File Position. (line 28)
|
* argc (program argument count): Program Arguments. (line 16)
|
* argp (program argument parser): Argp. (line 6)
|
* argp parser functions: Argp Parser Functions.
|
(line 13)
|
* ARGP_HELP_FMT environment variable: Argp User Customization.
|
(line 6)
|
* Argument list too long: Error Codes. (line 52)
|
* argument parsing with argp: Argp. (line 6)
|
* argument promotion: Calling Variadics. (line 27)
|
* argument vectors, null-byte separated: Argz and Envz Vectors.
|
(line 6)
|
* arguments (variadic functions): Receiving Arguments. (line 6)
|
* arguments, how many: How Many Arguments. (line 6)
|
* arguments, to program: Program Arguments. (line 6)
|
* argv (program argument vector): Program Arguments. (line 16)
|
* argz vectors (string vectors): Argz and Envz Vectors.
|
(line 6)
|
* arithmetic expansion: Expansion Stages. (line 23)
|
* array comparison functions: String/Array Comparison.
|
(line 6)
|
* array copy functions: Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
(line 9)
|
* array search function: Array Search Function.
|
(line 6)
|
* array sort function: Array Sort Function. (line 6)
|
* AS-Safe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 35)
|
* AS-Unsafe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 68)
|
* ASCII character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 152)
|
* assertions: Consistency Checking.
|
(line 6)
|
* Async-Cancel-Safe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 49)
|
* Async-Cancel-Unsafe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 68)
|
* Async-Signal-Safe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 35)
|
* Async-Signal-Unsafe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 68)
|
* Attempting to link in too many shared libraries: Error Codes.
|
(line 758)
|
* attributes of a file: Attribute Meanings. (line 6)
|
* Authentication error: Error Codes. (line 508)
|
* automatic freeing: Variable Size Automatic.
|
(line 6)
|
* automatic memory allocation: Memory Allocation and C.
|
(line 19)
|
* automatic storage class: Memory Allocation and C.
|
(line 19)
|
* automatic storage with variable size: Variable Size Automatic.
|
(line 6)
|
* auxiliary vector: Auxiliary Vector. (line 6)
|
* background job: Concepts of Job Control.
|
(line 47)
|
* background job, launching: Foreground and Background.
|
(line 62)
|
* backtrace: Backtraces. (line 6)
|
* backtrace_fd: Backtraces. (line 6)
|
* backtrace_symbols: Backtraces. (line 6)
|
* Bad address: Error Codes. (line 95)
|
* Bad file descriptor: Error Codes. (line 65)
|
* Bad font file format: Error Codes. (line 706)
|
* Bad message: Error Codes. (line 580)
|
* base (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts.
|
(line 20)
|
* baud rate: Line Speed. (line 6)
|
* Berkeley Unix: Berkeley Unix. (line 6)
|
* Bessel functions: Special Functions. (line 6)
|
* bias (of floating point number exponent): Floating Point Concepts.
|
(line 27)
|
* big-endian: Byte Order. (line 6)
|
* binary I/O to a stream: Block Input/Output. (line 9)
|
* binary search function (for arrays): Array Search Function.
|
(line 6)
|
* binary stream: Binary Streams. (line 14)
|
* binding a socket address: Socket Addresses. (line 6)
|
* blank character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 117)
|
* blank character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 275)
|
* Block device required: Error Codes. (line 100)
|
* block I/O to a stream: Block Input/Output. (line 9)
|
* blocked signals: Delivery of Signal. (line 6)
|
* blocked signals, checking for: Checking for Pending Signals.
|
(line 6)
|
* blocking signals: Blocking Signals. (line 6)
|
* blocking signals, in a handler: Blocking for Handler.
|
(line 6)
|
* bootstrapping, and services: Actions in the NSS configuration.
|
(line 112)
|
* break condition, detecting: Input Modes. (line 63)
|
* break condition, generating: Line Control. (line 14)
|
* breaking a string into tokens: Finding Tokens in a String.
|
(line 6)
|
* Broken pipe: Error Codes. (line 202)
|
* broken pipe signal: Operation Error Signals.
|
(line 14)
|
* broken-down time: Time Basics. (line 52)
|
* broken-down time <1>: Broken-down Time. (line 6)
|
* BSD Unix: Berkeley Unix. (line 6)
|
* buffering of streams: Stream Buffering. (line 6)
|
* buffering, controlling: Controlling Buffering.
|
(line 8)
|
* bugs, reporting: Reporting Bugs. (line 6)
|
* bus error: Program Error Signals.
|
(line 138)
|
* butterfly: Misc FP Arithmetic. (line 92)
|
* byte order conversion, for socket: Byte Order. (line 6)
|
* byte stream: Socket Concepts. (line 12)
|
* C threads: ISO C Threads. (line 6)
|
* C++ streams: Streams and I18N. (line 30)
|
* calendar time: Time Basics. (line 13)
|
* calendar time and broken-down time: Broken-down Time. (line 6)
|
* calendar time, simple: Time Basics. (line 45)
|
* calendar, Gregorian: Time Basics. (line 52)
|
* call once: Call Once. (line 6)
|
* calling variadic functions: Calling Variadics. (line 6)
|
* Can not access a needed shared library: Error Codes. (line 746)
|
* Cannot allocate memory: Error Codes. (line 85)
|
* Cannot assign requested address: Error Codes. (line 335)
|
* Cannot exec a shared library directly: Error Codes. (line 762)
|
* Cannot send after transport endpoint shutdown: Error Codes. (line 394)
|
* canonical input processing: Canonical or Not. (line 9)
|
* capacity limits, POSIX: General Limits. (line 6)
|
* carrier detect: Control Modes. (line 22)
|
* case conversion of characters: Case Conversion. (line 6)
|
* catching signals: Delivery of Signal. (line 13)
|
* categories for locales: Locale Categories. (line 6)
|
* change working directory: Working Directory. (line 6)
|
* changing the locale: Setting the Locale. (line 19)
|
* changing the size of a block (‘malloc’): Changing Block Size.
|
(line 6)
|
* changing the size of a block (obstacks): Growing Objects. (line 6)
|
* Channel number out of range: Error Codes. (line 646)
|
* channels: Stream/Descriptor Precautions.
|
(line 6)
|
* character case conversion: Case Conversion. (line 6)
|
* character predicates: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 6)
|
* character testing: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 6)
|
* checking for pending signals: Checking for Pending Signals.
|
(line 6)
|
* child process: Processor Time. (line 33)
|
* child process <1>: Processes. (line 13)
|
* child process <2>: Process Creation Concepts.
|
(line 9)
|
* child process signal: Job Control Signals. (line 15)
|
* chunks: Obstack Chunks. (line 6)
|
* classes, floating-point: Floating Point Classes.
|
(line 6)
|
* classification of characters: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 6)
|
* cleaning up a stream: Linked Channels. (line 15)
|
* clearing terminal input queue: Line Control. (line 67)
|
* client: Connections. (line 6)
|
* clock ticks: Time Types. (line 15)
|
* clock ticks <1>: Processor And CPU Time.
|
(line 19)
|
* clock, disciplining: Setting and Adjusting the Time.
|
(line 60)
|
* clock, high accuracy: Setting and Adjusting the Time.
|
(line 60)
|
* close-on-exec (file descriptor flag): Descriptor Flags. (line 54)
|
* closing a file descriptor: Opening and Closing Files.
|
(line 6)
|
* closing a socket: Closing a Socket. (line 6)
|
* closing a stream: Closing Streams. (line 6)
|
* collating strings: Collation Functions. (line 6)
|
* combining locales: Choosing Locale. (line 19)
|
* command argument syntax: Argument Syntax. (line 6)
|
* command arguments, parsing: Parsing Program Arguments.
|
(line 6)
|
* command line arguments: Program Arguments. (line 6)
|
* command substitution: Expansion Stages. (line 18)
|
* Communication error on send: Error Codes. (line 726)
|
* communication style (of a socket): Socket Concepts. (line 6)
|
* comparing strings and arrays: String/Array Comparison.
|
(line 6)
|
* Comparison Function: Comparison Functions.
|
(line 6)
|
* compiling: Configuring and compiling.
|
(line 6)
|
* complex exponentiation functions: Exponents and Logarithms.
|
(line 264)
|
* complex logarithm functions: Exponents and Logarithms.
|
(line 264)
|
* complex numbers: Complex Numbers. (line 6)
|
* complex trigonometric functions: Trig Functions. (line 82)
|
* Computer bought the farm: Error Codes. (line 571)
|
* concatenating strings: Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
(line 9)
|
* concatenating strings <1>: Concatenating Strings.
|
(line 6)
|
* condition variables: ISO C Condition Variables.
|
(line 6)
|
* Conditionally Safe Features: Conditionally Safe Features.
|
(line 6)
|
* condvar: ISO C Condition Variables.
|
(line 6)
|
* configuring: Configuring and compiling.
|
(line 6)
|
* conjugate complex numbers: Operations on Complex.
|
(line 6)
|
* connecting a socket: Connecting. (line 6)
|
* connection: Connections. (line 6)
|
* Connection refused: Error Codes. (line 408)
|
* Connection reset by peer: Error Codes. (line 361)
|
* Connection timed out: Error Codes. (line 403)
|
* consistency checking: Consistency Checking.
|
(line 6)
|
* consistency checking, of heap: Heap Consistency Checking.
|
(line 6)
|
* const: Conditionally Safe Features.
|
(line 131)
|
* constants: Memory Concepts. (line 67)
|
* constants <1>: Mathematical Constants.
|
(line 6)
|
* continue signal: Job Control Signals. (line 31)
|
* control character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 144)
|
* control character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 113)
|
* control operations on files: Control Operations. (line 6)
|
* controlling process: Controlling Terminal.
|
(line 13)
|
* controlling terminal: Concepts of Job Control.
|
(line 40)
|
* controlling terminal, access to: Access to the Terminal.
|
(line 6)
|
* controlling terminal, determining: Identifying the Terminal.
|
(line 6)
|
* controlling terminal, setting: Open-time Flags. (line 97)
|
* conversion specifications (‘printf’): Formatted Output Basics.
|
(line 14)
|
* conversion specifications (‘scanf’): Formatted Input Basics.
|
(line 18)
|
* converting byte order: Byte Order. (line 6)
|
* converting case of characters: Case Conversion. (line 6)
|
* converting file descriptor to stream: Descriptors and Streams.
|
(line 6)
|
* converting floats to integers: Rounding Functions. (line 6)
|
* converting group ID to group name: Lookup Group. (line 6)
|
* converting group name to group ID: Lookup Group. (line 6)
|
* converting host address to name: Host Names. (line 6)
|
* converting host name to address: Host Names. (line 6)
|
* converting network name to network number: Networks Database.
|
(line 6)
|
* converting network number to network name: Networks Database.
|
(line 6)
|
* converting port number to service name: Services Database. (line 6)
|
* converting service name to port number: Services Database. (line 6)
|
* converting string to collation order: Collation Functions. (line 86)
|
* converting strings to numbers: Parsing of Numbers. (line 6)
|
* converting user ID to user name: Lookup User. (line 6)
|
* converting user name to user ID: Lookup User. (line 6)
|
* cookie, for custom stream: Streams and Cookies. (line 6)
|
* copy-on-write page fault: Locked Memory Details.
|
(line 40)
|
* copying files: Copying File Data. (line 6)
|
* copying strings and arrays: Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
(line 9)
|
* corrupt: Unsafe Features. (line 26)
|
* cpu priority: Priority. (line 6)
|
* CPU time: Time Basics. (line 57)
|
* CPU time <1>: Processor And CPU Time.
|
(line 19)
|
* CPU time <2>: Processor Time. (line 10)
|
* create on open (file status flag): Open-time Flags. (line 23)
|
* creating a directory: Creating Directories.
|
(line 6)
|
* creating a FIFO special file: FIFO Special Files. (line 6)
|
* creating a pipe: Creating a Pipe. (line 6)
|
* creating a pipe to a subprocess: Pipe to a Subprocess.
|
(line 6)
|
* creating a process: Process Creation Concepts.
|
(line 9)
|
* creating a socket: Creating a Socket. (line 6)
|
* creating a socket pair: Socket Pairs. (line 6)
|
* creating special files: Making Special Files.
|
(line 6)
|
* CRNG: Unpredictable Bytes. (line 6)
|
* cryptographic random number generator: Unpredictable Bytes. (line 6)
|
* CSPRNG: Unpredictable Bytes. (line 6)
|
* cube root function: Exponents and Logarithms.
|
(line 210)
|
* currency symbols: Currency Symbol. (line 6)
|
* current limit: Limits on Resources. (line 17)
|
* current working directory: Working Directory. (line 6)
|
* custom streams: Custom Streams. (line 6)
|
* customizing ‘malloc’: Replacing malloc. (line 6)
|
* customizing ‘printf’: Customizing Printf. (line 6)
|
* cwd: Other Safety Remarks.
|
(line 121)
|
* data loss on sockets: Socket Concepts. (line 17)
|
* databases: Name Service Switch. (line 6)
|
* datagram socket: Datagrams. (line 6)
|
* datagrams, transmitting: Sending Datagrams. (line 6)
|
* data_cache_size tunables: Hardware Capability Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* date: Time Basics. (line 16)
|
* Daylight Saving Time: Broken-down Time. (line 63)
|
* decimal digit character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 57)
|
* decimal-point separator: General Numeric. (line 13)
|
* declaration (compared to definition): Header Files. (line 17)
|
* declaring variadic functions: Calling Variadics. (line 6)
|
* decompose complex numbers: Operations on Complex.
|
(line 6)
|
* default action (for a signal): Delivery of Signal. (line 13)
|
* default action for a signal: Basic Signal Handling.
|
(line 39)
|
* default argument promotions: Calling Variadics. (line 27)
|
* default value, and NSS: Notes on NSS Configuration File.
|
(line 11)
|
* defining new ‘printf’ conversions: Customizing Printf. (line 6)
|
* definition (compared to declaration): Header Files. (line 17)
|
* delayed suspend character: Signal Characters. (line 57)
|
* deleting a directory: Deleting Files. (line 59)
|
* deleting a file: Deleting Files. (line 6)
|
* delivery of signals: Delivery of Signal. (line 6)
|
* descriptors and streams: Stream/Descriptor Precautions.
|
(line 6)
|
* Destination address required: Error Codes. (line 387)
|
* deterministic random bit generator: Unpredictable Bytes. (line 6)
|
* Device not a stream: Error Codes. (line 608)
|
* Device or resource busy: Error Codes. (line 106)
|
* digit character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 57)
|
* digit character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 127)
|
* directories, accessing: Accessing Directories.
|
(line 6)
|
* directories, creating: Creating Directories.
|
(line 6)
|
* directories, deleting: Deleting Files. (line 59)
|
* directory: Directories. (line 9)
|
* directory entry: Directories. (line 9)
|
* directory hierarchy: Working with Directory Trees.
|
(line 6)
|
* Directory not empty: Error Codes. (line 436)
|
* directory stream: Accessing Directories.
|
(line 10)
|
* disadvantages of ‘alloca’: Disadvantages of Alloca.
|
(line 6)
|
* DISCARD character: Other Special. (line 26)
|
* Disk quota exceeded: Error Codes. (line 453)
|
* division by zero: FP Exceptions. (line 6)
|
* dlopen: Unsafe Features. (line 49)
|
* DNS: Host Identification. (line 17)
|
* DNS server unavailable: Actions in the NSS configuration.
|
(line 30)
|
* domain (of socket): Socket Concepts. (line 33)
|
* domain error: Math Error Reporting.
|
(line 6)
|
* domain name: Host Identification. (line 20)
|
* Domain Name System: Host Identification. (line 17)
|
* dot notation, for Internet addresses: Abstract Host Addresses.
|
(line 47)
|
* DRBG: Unpredictable Bytes. (line 6)
|
* DSUSP character: Signal Characters. (line 57)
|
* duplicating file descriptors: Duplicating Descriptors.
|
(line 6)
|
* dynamic linking tunables: Dynamic Linking Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* dynamic memory allocation: Memory Allocation and C.
|
(line 26)
|
* dynamic memory allocation <1>: Memory Allocation and C.
|
(line 31)
|
* EBCDIC: Extended Char Intro. (line 167)
|
* echo of terminal input: Local Modes. (line 26)
|
* effective group ID: Process Persona. (line 6)
|
* effective user ID: Process Persona. (line 6)
|
* efficiency and obstacks: Extra Fast Growing. (line 6)
|
* efficiency of chunks: Obstack Chunks. (line 6)
|
* EINTR, and restarting interrupted primitives: Interrupted Primitives.
|
(line 47)
|
* elapsed time: Time Basics. (line 24)
|
* elision tunables: Elision Tunables. (line 6)
|
* end of file, on a stream: EOF and Errors. (line 6)
|
* end-of-file, on a file descriptor: I/O Primitives. (line 26)
|
* env: Other Safety Remarks.
|
(line 26)
|
* environment: Environment Variables.
|
(line 22)
|
* environment access: Environment Access. (line 6)
|
* environment representation: Environment Access. (line 6)
|
* environment variable: Environment Variables.
|
(line 6)
|
* environment vectors, null-byte separated: Argz and Envz Vectors.
|
(line 9)
|
* envz vectors (environment vectors): Argz and Envz Vectors.
|
(line 9)
|
* EOF character: Editing Characters. (line 11)
|
* EOL character: Editing Characters. (line 24)
|
* EOL2 character: Editing Characters. (line 38)
|
* epoch: Time Basics. (line 45)
|
* epoch <1>: Time Types. (line 36)
|
* ERASE character: Editing Characters. (line 51)
|
* errno: System Calls. (line 59)
|
* error codes: Error Reporting. (line 6)
|
* error messages, in argp: Argp Helper Functions.
|
(line 33)
|
* error reporting: Error Reporting. (line 6)
|
* errors, mathematical: Math Error Reporting.
|
(line 6)
|
* establishing a handler: Signal Actions. (line 6)
|
* ethers: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* EUC: Extended Char Intro. (line 199)
|
* EUC-JP: glibc iconv Implementation.
|
(line 55)
|
* exception: FP Exceptions. (line 6)
|
* exception <1>: Program Error Signals.
|
(line 49)
|
* Exchange full: Error Codes. (line 686)
|
* exclusive lock: File Locks. (line 15)
|
* Exec format error: Error Codes. (line 59)
|
* ‘exec’ functions: Executing a File. (line 6)
|
* execing a program: Memory Concepts. (line 90)
|
* executable: Memory Concepts. (line 67)
|
* executing a file: Executing a File. (line 6)
|
* exit status: Exit Status. (line 6)
|
* exit status value: Program Termination. (line 6)
|
* exiting a program: Memory Concepts. (line 90)
|
* expansion of shell words: Word Expansion. (line 6)
|
* exponent (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts.
|
(line 23)
|
* exponentiation functions: Exponents and Logarithms.
|
(line 6)
|
* extending ‘printf’: Customizing Printf. (line 6)
|
* extracting file descriptor from stream: Descriptors and Streams.
|
(line 6)
|
* ‘fcntl’ function: Control Operations. (line 6)
|
* fd: Other Safety Remarks.
|
(line 67)
|
* FDL, GNU Free Documentation License: Documentation License.
|
(line 6)
|
* feature test macros: Feature Test Macros. (line 6)
|
* field splitting: Expansion Stages. (line 26)
|
* FIFO special file: Pipes and FIFOs. (line 12)
|
* file access permission: Access Permission. (line 6)
|
* file access time: File Times. (line 6)
|
* file allocation: Storage Allocation. (line 6)
|
* file attribute modification time: File Times. (line 6)
|
* file attributes: Attribute Meanings. (line 6)
|
* file copy: Copying File Data. (line 6)
|
* file creation mask: Setting Permissions. (line 6)
|
* file descriptor flags: Descriptor Flags. (line 6)
|
* File descriptor in bad state: Error Codes. (line 738)
|
* file descriptor sets, for ‘select’: Waiting for I/O. (line 30)
|
* file descriptors, standard: Descriptors and Streams.
|
(line 61)
|
* File exists: Error Codes. (line 112)
|
* file fragmentation: Storage Allocation. (line 6)
|
* File locking deadlock error: Error Codes. (line 702)
|
* file locks: File Locks. (line 6)
|
* file modification time: File Times. (line 6)
|
* file name: File Names. (line 14)
|
* file name component: Directories. (line 15)
|
* file name errors: File Name Errors. (line 6)
|
* file name resolution: File Name Resolution.
|
(line 10)
|
* File name too long: Error Codes. (line 420)
|
* file name translation flags: Open-time Flags. (line 14)
|
* file names, multiple: Hard Links. (line 6)
|
* file owner: File Owner. (line 6)
|
* file permission bits: Permission Bits. (line 15)
|
* file pointer: Streams. (line 12)
|
* file position: File Position. (line 14)
|
* file positioning on a file descriptor: File Position Primitive.
|
(line 15)
|
* file positioning on a stream: File Positioning. (line 6)
|
* file status flags: File Status Flags. (line 6)
|
* File too large: Error Codes. (line 177)
|
* files, accessing: Memory Concepts. (line 83)
|
* files, sparse: Storage Allocation. (line 6)
|
* filtering i/o through subprocess: Pipe to a Subprocess.
|
(line 6)
|
* flag character (‘printf’): Output Conversion Syntax.
|
(line 60)
|
* flag character (‘scanf’): Input Conversion Syntax.
|
(line 35)
|
* flags for ‘sigaction’: Flags for Sigaction. (line 6)
|
* flags, file name translation: Open-time Flags. (line 14)
|
* flags, open-time action: Open-time Flags. (line 17)
|
* floating point: Floating Point Numbers.
|
(line 6)
|
* floating point, IEEE: IEEE Floating Point. (line 6)
|
* floating type measurements: Floating Type Macros.
|
(line 6)
|
* floating-point classes: Floating Point Classes.
|
(line 6)
|
* floating-point exception: Program Error Signals.
|
(line 49)
|
* flow control, terminal: Line Control. (line 108)
|
* flow label: Internet Address Formats.
|
(line 55)
|
* flushing a stream: Flushing Buffers. (line 6)
|
* flushing terminal output queue: Line Control. (line 38)
|
* foreground job: Concepts of Job Control.
|
(line 47)
|
* foreground job, launching: Foreground and Background.
|
(line 10)
|
* forking a process: Process Creation Concepts.
|
(line 9)
|
* format string, for ‘printf’: Formatted Output. (line 6)
|
* format string, for ‘scanf’: Formatted Input. (line 6)
|
* formatted input from a stream: Formatted Input. (line 6)
|
* formatted messages: Formatted Messages. (line 6)
|
* formatted output to a stream: Formatted Output. (line 6)
|
* FP arithmetic: FP Bit Twiddling. (line 6)
|
* FQDN: Host Identification. (line 31)
|
* fragmentation of files: Storage Allocation. (line 6)
|
* frame, real memory: Memory Concepts. (line 18)
|
* free documentation: Free Manuals. (line 6)
|
* freeing (obstacks): Freeing Obstack Objects.
|
(line 6)
|
* freeing memory: Memory Concepts. (line 90)
|
* freeing memory allocated with ‘malloc’: Freeing after Malloc.
|
(line 6)
|
* fully buffered stream: Buffering Concepts. (line 15)
|
* Function not implemented: Error Codes. (line 516)
|
* function prototypes (variadic): Variadic Prototypes. (line 6)
|
* gamma function: Special Functions. (line 6)
|
* gcvt_r: System V Number Conversion.
|
(line 107)
|
* gencat: The gencat program. (line 6)
|
* generation of signals: Signal Generation. (line 6)
|
* generic i/o control operations: IOCTLs. (line 6)
|
* globbing: Globbing. (line 6)
|
* gnu allocator: The GNU Allocator. (line 6)
|
* graphic character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 127)
|
* graphic character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 151)
|
* Gratuitous error: Error Codes. (line 576)
|
* Gregorian calendar: Time Basics. (line 52)
|
* group: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* group database: Group Database. (line 6)
|
* group ID: User and Group IDs. (line 12)
|
* group name: User and Group IDs. (line 12)
|
* group owner of a file: File Owner. (line 6)
|
* grouping of digits: General Numeric. (line 28)
|
* growing objects (in obstacks): Growing Objects. (line 6)
|
* gshadow: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* handling multiple signals: Merged Signals. (line 6)
|
* hangup signal: Termination Signals. (line 77)
|
* hard limit: Limits on Resources. (line 24)
|
* hard link: Hard Links. (line 6)
|
* hardware capability tunables: Hardware Capability Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* hashing, passphrase: Passphrase Storage. (line 6)
|
* header files: Header Files. (line 6)
|
* heap: Unsafe Features. (line 41)
|
* heap consistency checking: Heap Consistency Checking.
|
(line 6)
|
* heap, dynamic allocation from: Unconstrained Allocation.
|
(line 6)
|
* heap, freeing memory from: Freeing after Malloc.
|
(line 6)
|
* hexadecimal digit character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 73)
|
* hexadecimal digit character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 255)
|
* hidden bit (of floating point number mantissa): Floating Point Concepts.
|
(line 42)
|
* hierarchy, directory: Working with Directory Trees.
|
(line 6)
|
* high-priority data: Out-of-Band Data. (line 6)
|
* holes in files: File Position Primitive.
|
(line 63)
|
* home directory: Standard Environment.
|
(line 12)
|
* ‘HOME’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 12)
|
* hook functions (of custom streams): Hook Functions. (line 6)
|
* host address, Internet: Abstract Host Addresses.
|
(line 6)
|
* Host is down: Error Codes. (line 426)
|
* host name: Host Identification. (line 14)
|
* hostid: Other Safety Remarks.
|
(line 40)
|
* hostname: Host Identification. (line 19)
|
* hosts: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* hosts database: Host Names. (line 6)
|
* how many arguments: How Many Arguments. (line 6)
|
* hwcap tunables: Hardware Capability Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* hwcaps tunables: Hardware Capability Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* hyperbolic functions: Hyperbolic Functions.
|
(line 6)
|
* hyperbolic functions <1>: Hyperbolic Functions.
|
(line 51)
|
* i18n: Unsafe Features. (line 79)
|
* iconv: Unsafe Features. (line 67)
|
* Identifier removed: Error Codes. (line 584)
|
* identifying terminals: Is It a Terminal. (line 6)
|
* IEEE 754: Floating Point Numbers.
|
(line 6)
|
* IEEE floating point: Floating Point Numbers.
|
(line 6)
|
* IEEE floating point representation: IEEE Floating Point. (line 6)
|
* IEEE Std 1003.1: POSIX. (line 6)
|
* IEEE Std 1003.2: POSIX. (line 6)
|
* ignore action for a signal: Basic Signal Handling.
|
(line 44)
|
* illegal instruction: Program Error Signals.
|
(line 109)
|
* Illegal seek: Error Codes. (line 187)
|
* impossible events: Consistency Checking.
|
(line 6)
|
* Inappropriate file type or format: Error Codes. (line 500)
|
* Inappropriate ioctl for device: Error Codes. (line 162)
|
* Inappropriate operation for background process: Error Codes.
|
(line 546)
|
* independent channels: Independent Channels.
|
(line 6)
|
* inexact exception: FP Exceptions. (line 6)
|
* infinity: Infinity and NaN. (line 6)
|
* init: Conditionally Safe Features.
|
(line 16)
|
* initgroups: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* initial signal actions: Initial Signal Actions.
|
(line 6)
|
* inode number: Attribute Meanings. (line 195)
|
* input available signal: Asynchronous I/O Signals.
|
(line 14)
|
* input conversions, for ‘scanf’: Table of Input Conversions.
|
(line 6)
|
* input from multiple files: Waiting for I/O. (line 6)
|
* Input/output error: Error Codes. (line 39)
|
* installation tools: Tools for Compilation.
|
(line 6)
|
* installing: Running make install.
|
(line 6)
|
* integer: Integers. (line 6)
|
* integer division functions: Integer Division. (line 6)
|
* integer type range: Range of Type. (line 6)
|
* integer type width: Width of Type. (line 6)
|
* interactive signals, from terminal: Local Modes. (line 103)
|
* interactive stop signal: Job Control Signals. (line 62)
|
* internal representation: Extended Char Intro. (line 13)
|
* internationalization: Locales. (line 11)
|
* Internet host address: Abstract Host Addresses.
|
(line 6)
|
* Internet namespace, for sockets: Internet Namespace. (line 6)
|
* interposing ‘malloc’: Replacing malloc. (line 6)
|
* interprocess communication, with FIFO: FIFO Special Files. (line 6)
|
* interprocess communication, with pipes: Creating a Pipe. (line 6)
|
* interprocess communication, with signals: Kill Example. (line 6)
|
* interprocess communication, with sockets: Sockets. (line 9)
|
* interrupt character: Signal Characters. (line 12)
|
* interrupt signal: Termination Signals. (line 32)
|
* interrupt-driven input: Interrupt Input. (line 6)
|
* Interrupted system call: Error Codes. (line 29)
|
* Interrupted system call should be restarted: Error Codes. (line 642)
|
* interrupting primitives: Interrupted Primitives.
|
(line 47)
|
* interval: Time Basics. (line 20)
|
* interval timer, setting: Setting an Alarm. (line 10)
|
* INTR character: Signal Characters. (line 12)
|
* Invalid argument: Error Codes. (line 139)
|
* Invalid cross-device link: Error Codes. (line 117)
|
* invalid exception: FP Exceptions. (line 6)
|
* Invalid exchange: Error Codes. (line 678)
|
* Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character: Error Codes.
|
(line 539)
|
* Invalid request code: Error Codes. (line 694)
|
* Invalid request descriptor: Error Codes. (line 682)
|
* Invalid slot: Error Codes. (line 698)
|
* inverse complex hyperbolic functions: Hyperbolic Functions.
|
(line 132)
|
* inverse complex trigonometric functions: Inverse Trig Functions.
|
(line 82)
|
* inverse hyperbolic functions: Hyperbolic Functions.
|
(line 93)
|
* inverse trigonometric functions: Inverse Trig Functions.
|
(line 6)
|
* invocation of program: Program Arguments. (line 6)
|
* IOCTLs: IOCTLs. (line 6)
|
* ipc: Inter-Process Communication.
|
(line 6)
|
* IPv6 flow label: Internet Address Formats.
|
(line 55)
|
* IPv6 scope ID: Internet Address Formats.
|
(line 63)
|
* IPv6 traffic class: Internet Address Formats.
|
(line 55)
|
* Is a directory: Error Codes. (line 134)
|
* Is a named type file: Error Codes. (line 782)
|
* ISO 10646: Extended Char Intro. (line 38)
|
* ISO 2022: Extended Char Intro. (line 190)
|
* ISO 6937: Extended Char Intro. (line 213)
|
* ISO C: ISO C. (line 6)
|
* ISO C threads: ISO C Threads. (line 6)
|
* ISO-2022-JP: glibc iconv Implementation.
|
(line 55)
|
* ISO/IEC 9945-1: POSIX. (line 6)
|
* ISO/IEC 9945-2: POSIX. (line 6)
|
* job: Job Control. (line 6)
|
* job control: Job Control. (line 6)
|
* job control functions: Functions for Job Control.
|
(line 6)
|
* job control signals: Job Control Signals. (line 6)
|
* job control, enabling: Initializing the Shell.
|
(line 6)
|
* job control, enabling <1>: Initializing the Shell.
|
(line 24)
|
* Kermit the frog: Search/Sort Example. (line 107)
|
* kernel call: System Calls. (line 16)
|
* kernel header files: Linux. (line 6)
|
* Key has been revoked: Error Codes. (line 806)
|
* Key has expired: Error Codes. (line 802)
|
* Key was rejected by service: Error Codes. (line 810)
|
* KILL character: Editing Characters. (line 91)
|
* kill signal: Termination Signals. (line 74)
|
* killing a process: Signaling Another Process.
|
(line 6)
|
* Korn Shell: Wildcard Matching. (line 79)
|
* LANG environment variable: The catgets Functions.
|
(line 101)
|
* ‘LANG’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 73)
|
* launching jobs: Launching Jobs. (line 6)
|
* LC_ALL environment variable: The catgets Functions.
|
(line 101)
|
* ‘LC_ALL’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 80)
|
* ‘LC_COLLATE’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 87)
|
* ‘LC_CTYPE’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 91)
|
* LC_MESSAGES environment variable: The catgets Functions.
|
(line 101)
|
* ‘LC_MESSAGES’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 96)
|
* ‘LC_MONETARY’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 101)
|
* ‘LC_NUMERIC’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 105)
|
* ‘LC_TIME’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 109)
|
* ‘LD_PRELOAD’ and ‘malloc’: Replacing malloc. (line 6)
|
* leap second: Broken-down Time. (line 29)
|
* leap seconds: Time Basics. (line 45)
|
* length of string: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 61)
|
* Level 2 halted: Error Codes. (line 674)
|
* Level 2 not synchronized: Error Codes. (line 650)
|
* Level 3 halted: Error Codes. (line 654)
|
* Level 3 reset: Error Codes. (line 658)
|
* level, for socket options: Socket Options. (line 9)
|
* library: Introduction. (line 9)
|
* limit: Limits on Resources. (line 12)
|
* limits on resource usage: Limits on Resources. (line 6)
|
* limits, file name length: Limits for Files. (line 39)
|
* limits, floating types: Floating Type Macros.
|
(line 6)
|
* limits, integer types: Range of Type. (line 6)
|
* limits, link count of files: Limits for Files. (line 24)
|
* limits, number of open files: General Limits. (line 36)
|
* limits, number of processes: General Limits. (line 29)
|
* limits, number of supplementary group IDs: General Limits. (line 55)
|
* limits, pipe buffer size: Limits for Files. (line 56)
|
* limits, POSIX: General Limits. (line 6)
|
* limits, program argument size: General Limits. (line 24)
|
* limits, terminal input queue: Limits for Files. (line 29)
|
* limits, time zone name length: General Limits. (line 48)
|
* line buffered stream: Buffering Concepts. (line 12)
|
* line speed: Line Speed. (line 6)
|
* lines (in a text file): Binary Streams. (line 26)
|
* link: Directories. (line 9)
|
* Link has been severed: Error Codes. (line 596)
|
* Link number out of range: Error Codes. (line 662)
|
* link, hard: Hard Links. (line 6)
|
* link, soft: Symbolic Links. (line 6)
|
* link, symbolic: Symbolic Links. (line 6)
|
* linked channels: Linked Channels. (line 6)
|
* listening (sockets): Listening. (line 6)
|
* literals: Memory Concepts. (line 67)
|
* little-endian: Byte Order. (line 6)
|
* LNEXT character: Other Special. (line 8)
|
* load average: Processor Resources. (line 48)
|
* local namespace, for sockets: Local Namespace. (line 6)
|
* local network address number: Abstract Host Addresses.
|
(line 9)
|
* local time: Time Basics. (line 52)
|
* locale: Other Safety Remarks.
|
(line 10)
|
* locale categories: Locale Categories. (line 6)
|
* locale, changing: Setting the Locale. (line 19)
|
* locales: Locales. (line 11)
|
* lock: Unsafe Features. (line 13)
|
* locking pages: Locking Pages. (line 6)
|
* logarithm functions: Exponents and Logarithms.
|
(line 6)
|
* login name: User and Group IDs. (line 6)
|
* login name, determining: Who Logged In. (line 6)
|
* ‘LOGNAME’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 25)
|
* long jumps: Non-Local Exits. (line 6)
|
* long-named options: Argument Syntax. (line 51)
|
* longjmp: Advantages of Alloca.
|
(line 15)
|
* loss of data on sockets: Socket Concepts. (line 17)
|
* lost resource signal: Operation Error Signals.
|
(line 29)
|
* lower-case character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 27)
|
* lower-case character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 166)
|
* Machine is not on the network: Error Codes. (line 710)
|
* macros: Obstack Functions. (line 6)
|
* ‘main’ function: Program Arguments. (line 6)
|
* malloc debugger: Allocation Debugging.
|
(line 6)
|
* ‘malloc’ function: Unconstrained Allocation.
|
(line 6)
|
* ‘malloc’ replacement: Replacing malloc. (line 6)
|
* malloc tunables: Memory Allocation Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* mantissa (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts.
|
(line 35)
|
* matching failure, in ‘scanf’: Formatted Input Basics.
|
(line 32)
|
* math errors: Errors in Math Functions.
|
(line 6)
|
* mathematical constants: Mathematical Constants.
|
(line 6)
|
* maximum: Misc FP Arithmetic. (line 6)
|
* maximum field width (‘scanf’): Input Conversion Syntax.
|
(line 50)
|
* maximum limit: Limits on Resources. (line 24)
|
* maximum possible integer: Integers. (line 82)
|
* measurements of floating types: Floating Type Macros.
|
(line 6)
|
* mem: Other Safety Remarks.
|
(line 103)
|
* memory allocation: Memory. (line 6)
|
* memory allocation tunables: Memory Allocation Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* memory lock: Locking Pages. (line 6)
|
* memory mapped file: Memory Concepts. (line 83)
|
* memory mapped I/O: Memory Concepts. (line 83)
|
* memory page: Memory Subsystem. (line 33)
|
* Memory page has hardware error: Error Codes. (line 818)
|
* memory protection: Memory Protection. (line 6)
|
* memory protection key: Memory Protection. (line 123)
|
* memory related tunables: Memory Related Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* merging of signals: Merged Signals. (line 6)
|
* Message too long: Error Codes. (line 283)
|
* MIN termios slot: Noncanonical Input. (line 27)
|
* minimum: Misc FP Arithmetic. (line 6)
|
* minimum field width (‘printf’): Output Conversion Syntax.
|
(line 67)
|
* minimum possible integer: Integers. (line 82)
|
* mixing descriptors and streams: Stream/Descriptor Precautions.
|
(line 6)
|
* modem disconnect: Control Modes. (line 34)
|
* modem status lines: Control Modes. (line 22)
|
* monetary value formatting: The Lame Way to Locale Data.
|
(line 13)
|
* monotonic time: Getting the Time. (line 56)
|
* MPK: Memory Protection. (line 123)
|
* MT-Safe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 16)
|
* MT-Unsafe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 68)
|
* multi-threaded application: Streams and Threads. (line 6)
|
* multibyte character: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 22)
|
* multibyte character <1>: Extended Char Intro. (line 167)
|
* multibyte string: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 22)
|
* multibyte string <1>: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 71)
|
* Multihop attempted: Error Codes. (line 588)
|
* multiple names for one file: Hard Links. (line 6)
|
* multiplexing input: Waiting for I/O. (line 6)
|
* multiply-add: Misc FP Arithmetic. (line 6)
|
* mutex: ISO C Mutexes. (line 6)
|
* mutex tunables: POSIX Thread Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* mutual exclusion: ISO C Mutexes. (line 6)
|
* Name not unique on network: Error Codes. (line 734)
|
* name of running program: Error Messages. (line 104)
|
* name of socket: Socket Addresses. (line 6)
|
* Name Service Switch: Name Service Switch. (line 6)
|
* name space: Reserved Names. (line 6)
|
* names of signals: Standard Signals. (line 6)
|
* namespace (of socket): Socket Concepts. (line 33)
|
* NaN: Infinity and NaN. (line 6)
|
* NaN <1>: FP Bit Twiddling. (line 113)
|
* Need authenticator: Error Codes. (line 512)
|
* netgroup: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* Netgroup: Netgroup Data. (line 6)
|
* network byte order: Byte Order. (line 11)
|
* Network dropped connection on reset: Error Codes. (line 351)
|
* Network is down: Error Codes. (line 341)
|
* Network is unreachable: Error Codes. (line 346)
|
* network number: Abstract Host Addresses.
|
(line 9)
|
* network protocol: Socket Concepts. (line 42)
|
* networks: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* networks database: Networks Database. (line 6)
|
* NIS: Host Identification. (line 37)
|
* NIS domain name: Host Identification. (line 37)
|
* NIS domain name <1>: Host Identification. (line 110)
|
* NIS domain name <2>: Host Identification. (line 122)
|
* nisplus, and booting: Actions in the NSS configuration.
|
(line 112)
|
* nisplus, and completeness: Actions in the NSS configuration.
|
(line 105)
|
* NLSPATH environment variable: The catgets Functions.
|
(line 33)
|
* ‘NLSPATH’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 113)
|
* No anode: Error Codes. (line 690)
|
* No buffer space available: Error Codes. (line 367)
|
* No child processes: Error Codes. (line 71)
|
* No CSI structure available: Error Codes. (line 670)
|
* No data available: Error Codes. (line 592)
|
* No locks available: Error Codes. (line 493)
|
* No medium found: Error Codes. (line 790)
|
* No message of desired type: Error Codes. (line 600)
|
* No route to host: Error Codes. (line 431)
|
* No space left on device: Error Codes. (line 182)
|
* No such device: Error Codes. (line 124)
|
* No such device or address: Error Codes. (line 44)
|
* No such file or directory: Error Codes. (line 19)
|
* No such process: Error Codes. (line 25)
|
* No XENIX semaphores available: Error Codes. (line 778)
|
* non-blocking open: Open-time Flags. (line 72)
|
* non-local exit, from signal handler: Longjmp in Handler. (line 6)
|
* non-local exits: Non-Local Exits. (line 6)
|
* noncanonical input processing: Canonical or Not. (line 26)
|
* non_temporal_threshold tunables: Hardware Capability Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* normalization functions (floating-point): Normalization Functions.
|
(line 6)
|
* normalized floating point number: Floating Point Concepts.
|
(line 58)
|
* Not a directory: Error Codes. (line 129)
|
* not a number: Infinity and NaN. (line 6)
|
* Not a XENIX named type file: Error Codes. (line 774)
|
* Not supported: Error Codes. (line 524)
|
* NSS: Unsafe Features. (line 66)
|
* NSS <1>: Name Service Switch. (line 6)
|
* ‘nsswitch.conf’: NSS Configuration File.
|
(line 6)
|
* null byte: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 31)
|
* null pointer constant: Null Pointer Constant.
|
(line 6)
|
* null wide character: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 31)
|
* number of arguments passed: How Many Arguments. (line 6)
|
* number syntax, parsing: Parsing of Numbers. (line 6)
|
* numeric value formatting: The Lame Way to Locale Data.
|
(line 13)
|
* Numerical argument out of domain: Error Codes. (line 210)
|
* Numerical result out of range: Error Codes. (line 216)
|
* Object is remote: Error Codes. (line 465)
|
* obstack status: Status of an Obstack.
|
(line 6)
|
* obstacks: Obstacks. (line 6)
|
* one-way hashing: Passphrase Storage. (line 6)
|
* open-time action flags: Open-time Flags. (line 17)
|
* opening a file: I/O Concepts. (line 9)
|
* opening a file descriptor: Opening and Closing Files.
|
(line 6)
|
* opening a pipe: Creating a Pipe. (line 6)
|
* opening a pseudo-terminal pair: Pseudo-Terminal Pairs.
|
(line 6)
|
* opening a socket: Creating a Socket. (line 6)
|
* opening a socket pair: Socket Pairs. (line 6)
|
* opening a stream: Opening Streams. (line 6)
|
* Operation already in progress: Error Codes. (line 273)
|
* Operation canceled: Error Codes. (line 624)
|
* Operation not permitted: Error Codes. (line 13)
|
* Operation not possible due to RF-kill: Error Codes. (line 814)
|
* Operation not supported: Error Codes. (line 309)
|
* Operation now in progress: Error Codes. (line 261)
|
* Operation would block: Error Codes. (line 252)
|
* Optimization: FP Function Optimizations.
|
(line 6)
|
* optimizing NSS: Notes on NSS Configuration File.
|
(line 25)
|
* option parsing with argp: Argp. (line 6)
|
* optional arguments: Variadic Functions. (line 6)
|
* optional POSIX features: System Options. (line 6)
|
* orientation, stream: Opening Streams. (line 101)
|
* orientation, stream <1>: Streams and I18N. (line 37)
|
* orphaned process group: Orphaned Process Groups.
|
(line 6)
|
* Other Safety Remarks: Other Safety Remarks.
|
(line 6)
|
* Out of streams resources: Error Codes. (line 604)
|
* out-of-band data: Out-of-Band Data. (line 6)
|
* output conversions, for ‘printf’: Table of Output Conversions.
|
(line 6)
|
* output possible signal: Asynchronous I/O Signals.
|
(line 14)
|
* overflow exception: FP Exceptions. (line 6)
|
* Owner died: Error Codes. (line 631)
|
* owner of a file: File Owner. (line 6)
|
* Package not installed: Error Codes. (line 714)
|
* packet: Socket Concepts. (line 12)
|
* page boundary: Aligned Memory Blocks.
|
(line 6)
|
* page fault: Memory Concepts. (line 45)
|
* page fault, copy-on-write: Locked Memory Details.
|
(line 40)
|
* page frame: Memory Concepts. (line 18)
|
* page protection: Memory Protection. (line 6)
|
* page, memory: Memory Subsystem. (line 33)
|
* page, virtual memory: Memory Concepts. (line 18)
|
* paging: Memory Concepts. (line 45)
|
* paging <1>: Locking Pages. (line 6)
|
* parameter promotion: String/Array Conventions.
|
(line 41)
|
* parent directory: File Name Resolution.
|
(line 28)
|
* parent process: Processes. (line 13)
|
* parent process <1>: Process Creation Concepts.
|
(line 9)
|
* parity checking: Input Modes. (line 18)
|
* parsing a template string: Parsing a Template String.
|
(line 6)
|
* parsing numbers (in formatted input): Parsing of Numbers. (line 6)
|
* parsing program arguments: Parsing Program Arguments.
|
(line 6)
|
* parsing tokens from a string: Finding Tokens in a String.
|
(line 6)
|
* passphrase hashing: Passphrase Storage. (line 6)
|
* passwd: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* password database: User Database. (line 6)
|
* ‘PATH’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 35)
|
* ‘pause’ function: Waiting for a Signal.
|
(line 6)
|
* peeking at input: Unreading. (line 6)
|
* pending signals: Delivery of Signal. (line 6)
|
* pending signals, checking for: Checking for Pending Signals.
|
(line 6)
|
* period of time: Time Basics. (line 33)
|
* Permission denied: Error Codes. (line 90)
|
* permission to access a file: Access Permission. (line 6)
|
* persona: Process Persona. (line 6)
|
* physical address: Memory Subsystem. (line 6)
|
* physical memory: Memory Subsystem. (line 6)
|
* pi (trigonometric constant): Trig Functions. (line 10)
|
* pipe: Pipes and FIFOs. (line 6)
|
* pipe signal: Operation Error Signals.
|
(line 14)
|
* pipe to a subprocess: Pipe to a Subprocess.
|
(line 6)
|
* plugin: Unsafe Features. (line 61)
|
* port number: Ports. (line 6)
|
* positioning a file descriptor: File Position Primitive.
|
(line 15)
|
* positioning a stream: File Positioning. (line 6)
|
* positive difference: Misc FP Arithmetic. (line 6)
|
* POSIX: POSIX. (line 6)
|
* POSIX capacity limits: General Limits. (line 6)
|
* POSIX optional features: System Options. (line 6)
|
* POSIX Safety Concepts: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 6)
|
* POSIX.1: POSIX. (line 6)
|
* POSIX.2: POSIX. (line 6)
|
* power functions: Exponents and Logarithms.
|
(line 6)
|
* precision (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts.
|
(line 38)
|
* precision (‘printf’): Output Conversion Syntax.
|
(line 78)
|
* predicates on arrays: String/Array Comparison.
|
(line 6)
|
* predicates on characters: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 6)
|
* predicates on strings: String/Array Comparison.
|
(line 6)
|
* preempting ‘malloc’: Replacing malloc. (line 6)
|
* preemptive scheduling: Absolute Priority. (line 17)
|
* Preliminary: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 75)
|
* primitives, interrupting: Interrupted Primitives.
|
(line 47)
|
* printing character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 136)
|
* printing character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 180)
|
* priority of a process: Priority. (line 6)
|
* priority, absolute: Absolute Priority. (line 6)
|
* process: Program Basics. (line 6)
|
* process <1>: Processes. (line 6)
|
* process completion: Process Completion. (line 6)
|
* process group functions: Functions for Job Control.
|
(line 6)
|
* process group ID: Launching Jobs. (line 23)
|
* process group leader: Launching Jobs. (line 23)
|
* process groups: Job Control. (line 6)
|
* process ID: Process Identification.
|
(line 6)
|
* process image: Process Creation Concepts.
|
(line 30)
|
* process priority: Priority. (line 6)
|
* process signal mask: Process Signal Mask. (line 6)
|
* process termination: Program Termination. (line 6)
|
* processor time: Time Basics. (line 65)
|
* processor time <1>: Processor Time. (line 10)
|
* profiling alarm signal: Alarm Signals. (line 32)
|
* profiling timer: Setting an Alarm. (line 22)
|
* program: Program Basics. (line 6)
|
* program argument syntax: Argument Syntax. (line 6)
|
* program arguments: Program Arguments. (line 6)
|
* program arguments, parsing: Parsing Program Arguments.
|
(line 6)
|
* program error signals: Program Error Signals.
|
(line 6)
|
* program name: Error Messages. (line 104)
|
* program startup: Program Arguments. (line 6)
|
* program termination: Program Termination. (line 6)
|
* program termination signals: Termination Signals. (line 6)
|
* programming your own streams: Custom Streams. (line 6)
|
* project complex numbers: Operations on Complex.
|
(line 6)
|
* protection flags: Memory Protection. (line 6)
|
* protection key: Memory Protection. (line 123)
|
* protocol (of socket): Socket Concepts. (line 42)
|
* Protocol driver not attached: Error Codes. (line 666)
|
* Protocol error: Error Codes. (line 616)
|
* protocol family: Socket Concepts. (line 42)
|
* Protocol family not supported: Error Codes. (line 319)
|
* Protocol not available: Error Codes. (line 293)
|
* Protocol not supported: Error Codes. (line 299)
|
* Protocol wrong type for socket: Error Codes. (line 288)
|
* protocols: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* protocols database: Protocols Database. (line 6)
|
* prototypes for variadic functions: Variadic Prototypes. (line 6)
|
* pseudo-random numbers: Pseudo-Random Numbers.
|
(line 6)
|
* pseudo-random numbers, cryptographic: Unpredictable Bytes. (line 6)
|
* pseudo-terminals: Pseudo-Terminals. (line 6)
|
* pthread mutex tunables: POSIX Thread Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* pthreads: POSIX Threads. (line 6)
|
* publickey: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* punctuation character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 82)
|
* punctuation character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 194)
|
* pushing input back: Unreading. (line 6)
|
* quick sort function (for arrays): Array Sort Function. (line 6)
|
* QUIT character: Signal Characters. (line 24)
|
* quit signal: Termination Signals. (line 39)
|
* quit signal <1>: Termination Signals. (line 39)
|
* quote removal: Expansion Stages. (line 33)
|
* race: Conditionally Safe Features.
|
(line 46)
|
* race conditions, relating to job control: Launching Jobs. (line 28)
|
* race conditions, relating to signals: Signals in Handler. (line 6)
|
* radix (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts.
|
(line 20)
|
* raising signals: Generating Signals. (line 6)
|
* random numbers: Pseudo-Random Numbers.
|
(line 6)
|
* random numbers, cryptographic: Unpredictable Bytes. (line 6)
|
* random-access files: File Position. (line 22)
|
* randomness source: Unpredictable Bytes. (line 6)
|
* range error: Math Error Reporting.
|
(line 6)
|
* range of integer type: Range of Type. (line 6)
|
* read lock: File Locks. (line 19)
|
* Read-only file system: Error Codes. (line 191)
|
* reading from a directory: Accessing Directories.
|
(line 6)
|
* reading from a file descriptor: I/O Primitives. (line 16)
|
* reading from a socket: Transferring Data. (line 6)
|
* reading from a stream, by blocks: Block Input/Output. (line 9)
|
* reading from a stream, by characters: Character Input. (line 6)
|
* reading from a stream, formatted: Formatted Input. (line 6)
|
* ready to run: Absolute Priority. (line 17)
|
* real group ID: Process Persona. (line 17)
|
* real user ID: Process Persona. (line 17)
|
* real-time timer: Setting an Alarm. (line 13)
|
* realtime CPU scheduling: Absolute Priority. (line 9)
|
* realtime processing: Why Lock Pages. (line 14)
|
* realtime scheduling: Realtime Scheduling. (line 6)
|
* receiving datagrams: Receiving Datagrams. (line 6)
|
* record locking: File Locks. (line 6)
|
* redirecting input and output: Duplicating Descriptors.
|
(line 6)
|
* reentrant functions: Nonreentrancy. (line 26)
|
* reentrant NSS functions: NSS Module Names. (line 21)
|
* relative file name: File Name Resolution.
|
(line 24)
|
* Remote address changed: Error Codes. (line 742)
|
* Remote I/O error: Error Codes. (line 786)
|
* removal of quotes: Expansion Stages. (line 33)
|
* removing a file: Deleting Files. (line 6)
|
* removing macros that shadow functions: Macro Definitions. (line 6)
|
* renaming a file: Renaming Files. (line 8)
|
* replacing ‘malloc’: Replacing malloc. (line 6)
|
* reporting bugs: Reporting Bugs. (line 6)
|
* reporting errors: Error Reporting. (line 6)
|
* REPRINT character: Editing Characters. (line 103)
|
* Required key not available: Error Codes. (line 798)
|
* reserved names: Reserved Names. (line 6)
|
* Resource deadlock avoided: Error Codes. (line 77)
|
* resource limits: Limits on Resources. (line 6)
|
* Resource temporarily unavailable: Error Codes. (line 222)
|
* restarting interrupted primitives: Interrupted Primitives.
|
(line 47)
|
* restrictions on signal handler functions: Nonreentrancy. (line 6)
|
* RFS specific error: Error Codes. (line 730)
|
* root directory: File Name Resolution.
|
(line 19)
|
* Rot13: Obfuscating Data. (line 6)
|
* rpc: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* RPC bad procedure for program: Error Codes. (line 489)
|
* RPC program not available: Error Codes. (line 481)
|
* RPC program version wrong: Error Codes. (line 485)
|
* RPC struct is bad: Error Codes. (line 473)
|
* RPC version wrong: Error Codes. (line 477)
|
* rtld tunables: Dynamic Linking Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* runnable process: Absolute Priority. (line 25)
|
* running a command: Running a Command. (line 6)
|
* saved set-group-ID: How Change Persona. (line 6)
|
* saved set-user-ID: How Change Persona. (line 6)
|
* scanning the group list: Scanning All Groups. (line 6)
|
* scanning the user list: Scanning All Users. (line 6)
|
* scatter-gather: Scatter-Gather. (line 6)
|
* scheduling, traditional: Traditional Scheduling.
|
(line 6)
|
* scope ID: Internet Address Formats.
|
(line 63)
|
* search function (for arrays): Array Search Function.
|
(line 6)
|
* search functions (for strings): Search Functions. (line 8)
|
* seconds, leap: Time Basics. (line 45)
|
* seed (for random numbers): Pseudo-Random Numbers.
|
(line 6)
|
* seeking on a file descriptor: File Position Primitive.
|
(line 15)
|
* seeking on a stream: File Positioning. (line 6)
|
* segmentation violation: Program Error Signals.
|
(line 112)
|
* sending a datagram: Sending Datagrams. (line 6)
|
* sending signals: Generating Signals. (line 6)
|
* sequential-access files: File Position. (line 14)
|
* server: Connections. (line 6)
|
* services: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* services database: Services Database. (line 6)
|
* session: Job Control. (line 6)
|
* session <1>: Concepts of Job Control.
|
(line 24)
|
* session leader: Concepts of Job Control.
|
(line 32)
|
* setting an alarm: Setting an Alarm. (line 10)
|
* ‘setuid’ programs: How Change Persona. (line 6)
|
* setuid programs and file access: Testing File Access. (line 6)
|
* severity class: Printing Formatted Messages.
|
(line 86)
|
* severity class <1>: Adding Severity Classes.
|
(line 6)
|
* sgettext: GUI program problems.
|
(line 57)
|
* sgettext <1>: GUI program problems.
|
(line 82)
|
* shadow: NSS Basics. (line 24)
|
* shadowing functions with macros: Macro Definitions. (line 6)
|
* shared lock: File Locks. (line 19)
|
* shared memory: Memory Subsystem. (line 13)
|
* shared_cache_size tunables: Hardware Capability Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* shell: Concepts of Job Control.
|
(line 6)
|
* shift state: Keeping the state. (line 16)
|
* Shift_JIS: Extended Char Intro. (line 199)
|
* shrinking objects: Growing Objects. (line 121)
|
* shutting down a socket: Closing a Socket. (line 6)
|
* sig: Conditionally Safe Features.
|
(line 155)
|
* ‘sigaction’ flags: Flags for Sigaction. (line 6)
|
* ‘sigaction’ function: Advanced Signal Handling.
|
(line 6)
|
* ‘SIGCHLD’, handling of: Stopped and Terminated Jobs.
|
(line 18)
|
* sigintr: Other Safety Remarks.
|
(line 53)
|
* sign (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts.
|
(line 18)
|
* signal: FP Exceptions. (line 6)
|
* signal <1>: Signal Handling. (line 6)
|
* signal action: Delivery of Signal. (line 13)
|
* signal actions: Signal Actions. (line 6)
|
* signal flags: Flags for Sigaction. (line 6)
|
* ‘signal’ function: Basic Signal Handling.
|
(line 6)
|
* signal handler function: Defining Handlers. (line 6)
|
* signal mask: Process Signal Mask. (line 6)
|
* signal messages: Signal Messages. (line 6)
|
* signal names: Standard Signals. (line 6)
|
* signal number: Standard Signals. (line 6)
|
* signal set: Signal Sets. (line 9)
|
* signals, generating: Generating Signals. (line 6)
|
* signedness: Integers. (line 9)
|
* significand (of floating point number): Floating Point Concepts.
|
(line 35)
|
* ‘SIGTTIN’, from background job: Access to the Terminal.
|
(line 11)
|
* ‘SIGTTOU’, from background job: Access to the Terminal.
|
(line 18)
|
* simple calendar time: Time Basics. (line 45)
|
* simple time: Time Basics. (line 45)
|
* single-byte string: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 71)
|
* single-call functions: Call Once. (line 6)
|
* size of string: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 61)
|
* SJIS: Extended Char Intro. (line 199)
|
* socket: Sockets. (line 9)
|
* socket address (name) binding: Socket Addresses. (line 6)
|
* socket domain: Socket Concepts. (line 33)
|
* socket namespace: Socket Concepts. (line 33)
|
* Socket operation on non-socket: Error Codes. (line 278)
|
* socket option level: Socket Options. (line 9)
|
* socket options: Socket Options. (line 6)
|
* socket pair: Socket Pairs. (line 6)
|
* socket protocol: Socket Concepts. (line 42)
|
* socket shutdown: Closing a Socket. (line 6)
|
* Socket type not supported: Error Codes. (line 305)
|
* socket, client actions: Connecting. (line 6)
|
* socket, closing: Closing a Socket. (line 6)
|
* socket, connecting: Connecting. (line 6)
|
* socket, creating: Creating a Socket. (line 6)
|
* socket, initiating a connection: Connecting. (line 6)
|
* sockets, accepting connections: Accepting Connections.
|
(line 6)
|
* sockets, listening: Listening. (line 6)
|
* sockets, server actions: Listening. (line 6)
|
* soft limit: Limits on Resources. (line 17)
|
* soft link: Symbolic Links. (line 6)
|
* Software caused connection abort: Error Codes. (line 356)
|
* sort function (for arrays): Array Sort Function. (line 6)
|
* sparse files: File Position Primitive.
|
(line 63)
|
* sparse files <1>: Storage Allocation. (line 6)
|
* special files: Making Special Files.
|
(line 6)
|
* special functions: Special Functions. (line 6)
|
* specified action (for a signal): Delivery of Signal. (line 13)
|
* speed of execution: Why Lock Pages. (line 14)
|
* square root function: Exponents and Logarithms.
|
(line 196)
|
* Srmount error: Error Codes. (line 722)
|
* stable sorting: Array Sort Function. (line 24)
|
* Stale file handle: Error Codes. (line 457)
|
* standard dot notation, for Internet addresses: Abstract Host Addresses.
|
(line 47)
|
* standard environment variables: Standard Environment.
|
(line 6)
|
* standard error file descriptor: Descriptors and Streams.
|
(line 78)
|
* standard error stream: Standard Streams. (line 27)
|
* standard file descriptors: Descriptors and Streams.
|
(line 61)
|
* standard input file descriptor: Descriptors and Streams.
|
(line 68)
|
* standard input stream: Standard Streams. (line 17)
|
* standard output file descriptor: Descriptors and Streams.
|
(line 73)
|
* standard output stream: Standard Streams. (line 22)
|
* standard streams: Standard Streams. (line 6)
|
* standards: Standards and Portability.
|
(line 6)
|
* START character: Start/Stop Characters.
|
(line 12)
|
* startup of program: Program Arguments. (line 6)
|
* State not recoverable: Error Codes. (line 635)
|
* stateful: Keeping the state. (line 6)
|
* stateful <1>: Converting a Character.
|
(line 94)
|
* stateful <2>: Converting Strings. (line 75)
|
* stateful <3>: Generic Conversion Interface.
|
(line 121)
|
* stateful <4>: iconv Examples. (line 96)
|
* stateful <5>: glibc iconv Implementation.
|
(line 598)
|
* static memory allocation: Memory Allocation and C.
|
(line 13)
|
* static storage class: Memory Allocation and C.
|
(line 13)
|
* STATUS character: Other Special. (line 41)
|
* status codes: Error Reporting. (line 6)
|
* status of a file: Attribute Meanings. (line 6)
|
* status of obstack: Status of an Obstack.
|
(line 6)
|
* sticky bit: Permission Bits. (line 85)
|
* STOP character: Start/Stop Characters.
|
(line 30)
|
* stop signal: Job Control Signals. (line 48)
|
* stopped job: Concepts of Job Control.
|
(line 53)
|
* stopped jobs, continuing: Continuing Stopped Jobs.
|
(line 6)
|
* stopped jobs, detecting: Stopped and Terminated Jobs.
|
(line 6)
|
* storage allocating: Storage Allocation. (line 6)
|
* storage allocation: Memory. (line 6)
|
* stream (sockets): Socket Concepts. (line 12)
|
* stream orientation: Opening Streams. (line 101)
|
* stream orientation <1>: Streams and I18N. (line 37)
|
* stream, for I/O to a string: String Streams. (line 6)
|
* streams and descriptors: Stream/Descriptor Precautions.
|
(line 6)
|
* Streams pipe error: Error Codes. (line 766)
|
* streams, and file descriptors: Descriptors and Streams.
|
(line 6)
|
* streams, C++: Streams and I18N. (line 30)
|
* streams, standard: Standard Streams. (line 6)
|
* string: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 11)
|
* string allocation: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 61)
|
* string collation functions: Collation Functions. (line 6)
|
* string comparison functions: String/Array Comparison.
|
(line 6)
|
* string concatenation functions: Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
(line 9)
|
* string concatenation functions <1>: Concatenating Strings.
|
(line 6)
|
* string copy functions: Copying Strings and Arrays.
|
(line 9)
|
* string length: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 61)
|
* string literal: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 40)
|
* string search functions: Search Functions. (line 8)
|
* string stream: String Streams. (line 6)
|
* string truncation: Truncating Strings. (line 6)
|
* string vectors, null-byte separated: Argz and Envz Vectors.
|
(line 6)
|
* string, representation of: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 6)
|
* Structure needs cleaning: Error Codes. (line 770)
|
* style of communication (of a socket): Socket Concepts. (line 6)
|
* subprocess: Process Creation Concepts.
|
(line 9)
|
* subshell: Initializing the Shell.
|
(line 6)
|
* substitution of variables and commands: Expansion Stages. (line 15)
|
* successive signals: Merged Signals. (line 6)
|
* summer time: Broken-down Time. (line 63)
|
* SunOS: Berkeley Unix. (line 6)
|
* supplementary group IDs: Process Persona. (line 6)
|
* SUSP character: Signal Characters. (line 36)
|
* suspend character: Signal Characters. (line 36)
|
* SVID: SVID. (line 6)
|
* swap space: Memory Concepts. (line 18)
|
* symbolic link: Symbolic Links. (line 6)
|
* symbolic link, opening: Open-time Flags. (line 113)
|
* synchronizing: Synchronizing I/O. (line 6)
|
* synchronizing <1>: Synchronizing AIO Operations.
|
(line 17)
|
* syntax error messages, in argp: Argp Helper Functions.
|
(line 21)
|
* syntax, for program arguments: Argument Syntax. (line 6)
|
* syntax, for reading numbers: Parsing of Numbers. (line 6)
|
* sysconf: Query Memory Parameters.
|
(line 47)
|
* sysconf <1>: Query Memory Parameters.
|
(line 53)
|
* sysconf <2>: Processor Resources. (line 13)
|
* sysconf <3>: Processor Resources. (line 19)
|
* system call: System Calls. (line 6)
|
* system call number: System Calls. (line 46)
|
* System V Unix: SVID. (line 6)
|
* task ID: Process Identification.
|
(line 19)
|
* TCP (Internet protocol): Protocols Database. (line 12)
|
* template, for ‘printf’: Formatted Output. (line 6)
|
* template, for ‘scanf’: Formatted Input. (line 6)
|
* term: Conditionally Safe Features.
|
(line 178)
|
* ‘TERM’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 59)
|
* terminal flow control: Line Control. (line 108)
|
* terminal identification: Is It a Terminal. (line 6)
|
* terminal input queue: I/O Queues. (line 11)
|
* terminal input queue, clearing: Line Control. (line 67)
|
* terminal input signal: Job Control Signals. (line 71)
|
* terminal line control functions: Line Control. (line 6)
|
* terminal line speed: Line Speed. (line 6)
|
* terminal line speed <1>: Line Speed. (line 6)
|
* terminal mode data types: Mode Data Types. (line 6)
|
* terminal mode functions: Mode Functions. (line 6)
|
* terminal modes, BSD: BSD Terminal Modes. (line 6)
|
* terminal output queue: I/O Queues. (line 27)
|
* terminal output queue, flushing: Line Control. (line 38)
|
* terminal output signal: Job Control Signals. (line 79)
|
* terminated jobs, detecting: Stopped and Terminated Jobs.
|
(line 6)
|
* termination signal: Termination Signals. (line 23)
|
* testing access permission: Testing File Access. (line 6)
|
* testing exit status of child process: Process Completion. (line 6)
|
* Text file busy: Error Codes. (line 168)
|
* text stream: Binary Streams. (line 14)
|
* thrashing: Memory Subsystem. (line 31)
|
* thread control: ISO C Thread Management.
|
(line 6)
|
* thread creation: ISO C Thread Management.
|
(line 6)
|
* thread group: Process Identification.
|
(line 19)
|
* thread ID: Process Identification.
|
(line 19)
|
* thread management: ISO C Thread Management.
|
(line 6)
|
* thread mutex tunables: POSIX Thread Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* thread of control: Program Basics. (line 6)
|
* thread-local storage: ISO C Thread-local Storage.
|
(line 6)
|
* Thread-Safe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 16)
|
* Thread-Unsafe: POSIX Safety Concepts.
|
(line 68)
|
* threads: Streams and Threads. (line 6)
|
* threads <1>: Threads. (line 6)
|
* ticks, clock: Time Types. (line 15)
|
* ticks, clock <1>: Processor And CPU Time.
|
(line 19)
|
* tilde expansion: Expansion Stages. (line 9)
|
* time: Time Basics. (line 6)
|
* TIME termios slot: Noncanonical Input. (line 36)
|
* time zone: TZ Variable. (line 9)
|
* time zone database: TZ Variable. (line 143)
|
* time, elapsed: Time Basics. (line 24)
|
* time, high precision: Setting and Adjusting the Time.
|
(line 60)
|
* timer: Unsafe Features. (line 87)
|
* Timer expired: Error Codes. (line 620)
|
* timer, profiling: Setting an Alarm. (line 22)
|
* timer, real-time: Setting an Alarm. (line 13)
|
* timer, virtual: Setting an Alarm. (line 17)
|
* timers, setting: Setting an Alarm. (line 10)
|
* timespec: Time Types. (line 40)
|
* timeval: Time Types. (line 61)
|
* timing error in signal handling: Remembering a Signal.
|
(line 72)
|
* TMPDIR environment variable: Temporary Files. (line 147)
|
* tokenizing strings: Finding Tokens in a String.
|
(line 6)
|
* Too many levels of symbolic links: Error Codes. (line 414)
|
* Too many links: Error Codes. (line 196)
|
* Too many open files: Error Codes. (line 144)
|
* Too many open files in system: Error Codes. (line 155)
|
* Too many processes: Error Codes. (line 442)
|
* Too many references: cannot splice: Error Codes. (line 399)
|
* Too many users: Error Codes. (line 448)
|
* tools, for installing library: Tools for Compilation.
|
(line 6)
|
* traffic class: Internet Address Formats.
|
(line 55)
|
* Translator died: Error Codes. (line 556)
|
* transmitting datagrams: Sending Datagrams. (line 6)
|
* Transport endpoint is already connected: Error Codes. (line 374)
|
* Transport endpoint is not connected: Error Codes. (line 379)
|
* tree, directory: Working with Directory Trees.
|
(line 6)
|
* triangulation: glibc iconv Implementation.
|
(line 42)
|
* trigonometric functions: Trig Functions. (line 6)
|
* truncating strings: Truncating Strings. (line 6)
|
* Tunable names: Tunable names. (line 6)
|
* Tunable namespaces: Tunable names. (line 6)
|
* tunables: Tunables. (line 6)
|
* tunables thread mutex: POSIX Thread Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* tunables, data_cache_size: Hardware Capability Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* tunables, elision: Elision Tunables. (line 6)
|
* tunables, hwcap: Hardware Capability Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* tunables, hwcaps: Hardware Capability Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* tunables, malloc: Memory Allocation Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* tunables, non_temporal_threshold: Hardware Capability Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* tunables, shared_cache_size: Hardware Capability Tunables.
|
(line 6)
|
* type measurements, floating: Floating Type Macros.
|
(line 6)
|
* type measurements, integer: Width of Type. (line 6)
|
* type modifier character (‘printf’): Output Conversion Syntax.
|
(line 92)
|
* type modifier character (‘scanf’): Input Conversion Syntax.
|
(line 55)
|
* typeahead buffer: I/O Queues. (line 11)
|
* ‘TZ’ environment variable: Standard Environment.
|
(line 68)
|
* UCS-2: Extended Char Intro. (line 53)
|
* UCS-4: Extended Char Intro. (line 53)
|
* ulps: Errors in Math Functions.
|
(line 6)
|
* umask: Setting Permissions. (line 6)
|
* unbuffered stream: Buffering Concepts. (line 9)
|
* unconstrained memory allocation: Unconstrained Allocation.
|
(line 6)
|
* undefining macros that shadow functions: Macro Definitions. (line 6)
|
* underflow exception: FP Exceptions. (line 6)
|
* Unicode: Extended Char Intro. (line 38)
|
* Unix, Berkeley: Berkeley Unix. (line 6)
|
* Unix, System V: SVID. (line 6)
|
* unlinking a file: Deleting Files. (line 6)
|
* unordered comparison: FP Comparison Functions.
|
(line 6)
|
* unreading characters: Unreading. (line 6)
|
* Unsafe Features: Unsafe Features. (line 6)
|
* upper-case character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 35)
|
* upper-case character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 241)
|
* urgent data signal: Asynchronous I/O Signals.
|
(line 26)
|
* urgent socket condition: Out-of-Band Data. (line 18)
|
* usage limits: Limits on Resources. (line 6)
|
* usage messages, in argp: Argp Helper Functions.
|
(line 11)
|
* user accounting database: User Accounting Database.
|
(line 6)
|
* user database: User Database. (line 6)
|
* user ID: User and Group IDs. (line 6)
|
* user ID, determining: Who Logged In. (line 6)
|
* user name: User and Group IDs. (line 6)
|
* user signals: Miscellaneous Signals.
|
(line 13)
|
* usual file name errors: File Name Errors. (line 6)
|
* UTF-16: Extended Char Intro. (line 53)
|
* UTF-7: Extended Char Intro. (line 234)
|
* UTF-8: Extended Char Intro. (line 53)
|
* UTF-8 <1>: Extended Char Intro. (line 226)
|
* Value too large for defined data type: Error Codes. (line 612)
|
* variable number of arguments: Variadic Functions. (line 6)
|
* variable substitution: Expansion Stages. (line 15)
|
* variable-sized arrays: GNU C Variable-Size Arrays.
|
(line 6)
|
* variadic function argument access: Receiving Arguments. (line 6)
|
* variadic function prototypes: Variadic Prototypes. (line 6)
|
* variadic functions: Variadic Functions. (line 6)
|
* variadic functions, calling: Calling Variadics. (line 6)
|
* va_copy: Concatenating Strings.
|
(line 72)
|
* virtual time alarm signal: Alarm Signals. (line 26)
|
* virtual timer: Setting an Alarm. (line 17)
|
* ‘volatile’ declarations: Nonreentrancy. (line 20)
|
* waiting for a signal: Waiting for a Signal.
|
(line 6)
|
* waiting for completion of child process: Process Completion.
|
(line 6)
|
* waiting for input or output: Waiting for I/O. (line 6)
|
* WERASE character: Editing Characters. (line 66)
|
* whitespace character: Classification of Characters.
|
(line 90)
|
* whitespace character <1>: Classification of Wide Characters.
|
(line 208)
|
* wide character: Extended Char Intro. (line 32)
|
* wide string: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 22)
|
* wide string <1>: Representation of Strings.
|
(line 86)
|
* width of integer type: Width of Type. (line 6)
|
* wildcard expansion: Expansion Stages. (line 28)
|
* wint_t: String/Array Conventions.
|
(line 41)
|
* word expansion: Word Expansion. (line 6)
|
* working directory: Working Directory. (line 6)
|
* write lock: File Locks. (line 15)
|
* writing to a file descriptor: I/O Primitives. (line 168)
|
* writing to a socket: Transferring Data. (line 6)
|
* writing to a stream, by blocks: Block Input/Output. (line 9)
|
* writing to a stream, by characters: Simple Output. (line 6)
|
* writing to a stream, formatted: Formatted Output. (line 6)
|
* Wrong medium type: Error Codes. (line 794)
|
* You really blew it this time: Error Codes. (line 567)
|
* YP: Host Identification. (line 37)
|
* YP domain name: Host Identification. (line 37)
|
* YP domain name <1>: Host Identification. (line 110)
|
* YP domain name <2>: Host Identification. (line 122)
|
* zero divide: FP Exceptions. (line 6)
|
