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<a name="Tuple-representation"></a>
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<p>
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Next: <a href="Class-hierarchy-of-GIMPLE-statements.html#Class-hierarchy-of-GIMPLE-statements" accesskey="n" rel="next">Class hierarchy of GIMPLE statements</a>, Up: <a href="GIMPLE.html#GIMPLE" accesskey="u" rel="up">GIMPLE</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<hr>
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<a name="Tuple-representation-1"></a>
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<h3 class="section">11.1 Tuple representation</h3>
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<a name="index-tuples"></a>
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<p>GIMPLE instructions are tuples of variable size divided in two
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groups: a header describing the instruction and its locations,
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and a variable length body with all the operands. Tuples are
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organized into a hierarchy with 3 main classes of tuples.
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</p>
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<a name="gimple-_0028gsbase_0029"></a>
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<h4 class="subsection">11.1.1 <code>gimple</code> (gsbase)</h4>
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<a name="index-gimple"></a>
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<p>This is the root of the hierarchy, it holds basic information
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needed by most GIMPLE statements. There are some fields that
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may not be relevant to every GIMPLE statement, but those were
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moved into the base structure to take advantage of holes left by
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other fields (thus making the structure more compact). The
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structure takes 4 words (32 bytes) on 64 bit hosts:
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</p>
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<table>
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<tr><td>Field</td><td>Size (bits)</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>code</code></td><td>8</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>subcode</code></td><td>16</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>no_warning</code></td><td>1</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>visited</code></td><td>1</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>nontemporal_move</code></td><td>1</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>plf</code></td><td>2</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>modified</code></td><td>1</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>has_volatile_ops</code></td><td>1</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>references_memory_p</code></td><td>1</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>uid</code></td><td>32</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>location</code></td><td>32</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>num_ops</code></td><td>32</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>bb</code></td><td>64</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>block</code></td><td>63</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Total size</td><td>32 bytes</td></tr>
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</table>
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<ul>
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<li> <code>code</code>
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Main identifier for a GIMPLE instruction.
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</li><li> <code>subcode</code>
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Used to distinguish different variants of the same basic
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instruction or provide flags applicable to a given code. The
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<code>subcode</code> flags field has different uses depending on the code of
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the instruction, but mostly it distinguishes instructions of the
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same family. The most prominent use of this field is in
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assignments, where subcode indicates the operation done on the
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RHS of the assignment. For example, a = b + c is encoded as
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<code>GIMPLE_ASSIGN <PLUS_EXPR, a, b, c></code>.
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</li><li> <code>no_warning</code>
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Bitflag to indicate whether a warning has already been issued on
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this statement.
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</li><li> <code>visited</code>
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General purpose “visited” marker. Set and cleared by each pass
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when needed.
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</li><li> <code>nontemporal_move</code>
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Bitflag used in assignments that represent non-temporal moves.
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Although this bitflag is only used in assignments, it was moved
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into the base to take advantage of the bit holes left by the
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previous fields.
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</li><li> <code>plf</code>
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Pass Local Flags. This 2-bit mask can be used as general purpose
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markers by any pass. Passes are responsible for clearing and
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setting these two flags accordingly.
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</li><li> <code>modified</code>
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Bitflag to indicate whether the statement has been modified.
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Used mainly by the operand scanner to determine when to re-scan a
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statement for operands.
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</li><li> <code>has_volatile_ops</code>
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Bitflag to indicate whether this statement contains operands that
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have been marked volatile.
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</li><li> <code>references_memory_p</code>
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Bitflag to indicate whether this statement contains memory
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references (i.e., its operands are either global variables, or
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pointer dereferences or anything that must reside in memory).
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</li><li> <code>uid</code>
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This is an unsigned integer used by passes that want to assign
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IDs to every statement. These IDs must be assigned and used by
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each pass.
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</li><li> <code>location</code>
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This is a <code>location_t</code> identifier to specify source code
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location for this statement. It is inherited from the front
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end.
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</li><li> <code>num_ops</code>
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Number of operands that this statement has. This specifies the
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size of the operand vector embedded in the tuple. Only used in
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some tuples, but it is declared in the base tuple to take
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advantage of the 32-bit hole left by the previous fields.
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</li><li> <code>bb</code>
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Basic block holding the instruction.
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</li><li> <code>block</code>
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Lexical block holding this statement. Also used for debug
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information generation.
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</li></ul>
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<a name="gimple_005fstatement_005fwith_005fops"></a>
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<h4 class="subsection">11.1.2 <code>gimple_statement_with_ops</code></h4>
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<a name="index-gimple_005fstatement_005fwith_005fops"></a>
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<p>This tuple is actually split in two:
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<code>gimple_statement_with_ops_base</code> and
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<code>gimple_statement_with_ops</code>. This is needed to accommodate the
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way the operand vector is allocated. The operand vector is
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defined to be an array of 1 element. So, to allocate a dynamic
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number of operands, the memory allocator (<code>gimple_alloc</code>) simply
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allocates enough memory to hold the structure itself plus <code>N
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- 1</code> operands which run “off the end” of the structure. For
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example, to allocate space for a tuple with 3 operands,
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<code>gimple_alloc</code> reserves <code>sizeof (struct
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gimple_statement_with_ops) + 2 * sizeof (tree)</code> bytes.
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</p>
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<p>On the other hand, several fields in this tuple need to be shared
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with the <code>gimple_statement_with_memory_ops</code> tuple. So, these
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common fields are placed in <code>gimple_statement_with_ops_base</code> which
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is then inherited from the other two tuples.
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</p>
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<table>
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<tr><td><code>gsbase</code></td><td>256</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>def_ops</code></td><td>64</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>use_ops</code></td><td>64</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>op</code></td><td><code>num_ops</code> * 64</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Total size</td><td>48 + 8 * <code>num_ops</code> bytes</td></tr>
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</table>
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<ul>
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<li> <code>gsbase</code>
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Inherited from <code>struct gimple</code>.
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</li><li> <code>def_ops</code>
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Array of pointers into the operand array indicating all the slots that
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contain a variable written-to by the statement. This array is
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also used for immediate use chaining. Note that it would be
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possible to not rely on this array, but the changes required to
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implement this are pretty invasive.
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</li><li> <code>use_ops</code>
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Similar to <code>def_ops</code> but for variables read by the statement.
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</li><li> <code>op</code>
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Array of trees with <code>num_ops</code> slots.
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</li></ul>
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<a name="gimple_005fstatement_005fwith_005fmemory_005fops"></a>
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<h4 class="subsection">11.1.3 <code>gimple_statement_with_memory_ops</code></h4>
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<p>This tuple is essentially identical to <code>gimple_statement_with_ops</code>,
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except that it contains 4 additional fields to hold vectors
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related memory stores and loads. Similar to the previous case,
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the structure is split in two to accommodate for the operand
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vector (<code>gimple_statement_with_memory_ops_base</code> and
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<code>gimple_statement_with_memory_ops</code>).
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</p>
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<table>
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<tr><td>Field</td><td>Size (bits)</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>gsbase</code></td><td>256</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>def_ops</code></td><td>64</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>use_ops</code></td><td>64</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>vdef_ops</code></td><td>64</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>vuse_ops</code></td><td>64</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>stores</code></td><td>64</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>loads</code></td><td>64</td></tr>
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<tr><td><code>op</code></td><td><code>num_ops</code> * 64</td></tr>
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<tr><td>Total size</td><td>80 + 8 * <code>num_ops</code> bytes</td></tr>
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</table>
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<ul>
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<li> <code>vdef_ops</code>
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Similar to <code>def_ops</code> but for <code>VDEF</code> operators. There is
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one entry per memory symbol written by this statement. This is
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used to maintain the memory SSA use-def and def-def chains.
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</li><li> <code>vuse_ops</code>
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Similar to <code>use_ops</code> but for <code>VUSE</code> operators. There is
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one entry per memory symbol loaded by this statement. This is
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used to maintain the memory SSA use-def chains.
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</li><li> <code>stores</code>
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Bitset with all the UIDs for the symbols written-to by the
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statement. This is different than <code>vdef_ops</code> in that all the
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affected symbols are mentioned in this set. If memory
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partitioning is enabled, the <code>vdef_ops</code> vector will refer to memory
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partitions. Furthermore, no SSA information is stored in this
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set.
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</li><li> <code>loads</code>
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Similar to <code>stores</code>, but for memory loads. (Note that there
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is some amount of redundancy here, it should be possible to
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reduce memory utilization further by removing these sets).
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</li></ul>
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<p>All the other tuples are defined in terms of these three basic
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ones. Each tuple will add some fields.
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</p>
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Next: <a href="Class-hierarchy-of-GIMPLE-statements.html#Class-hierarchy-of-GIMPLE-statements" accesskey="n" rel="next">Class hierarchy of GIMPLE statements</a>, Up: <a href="GIMPLE.html#GIMPLE" accesskey="u" rel="up">GIMPLE</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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