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<title>Using as: CR16 Operand Qualifiers</title>
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<a name="CR16-Operand-Qualifiers"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="CR16-Syntax.html#CR16-Syntax" accesskey="n" rel="next">CR16 Syntax</a>, Up: <a href="CR16_002dDependent.html#CR16_002dDependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">CR16-Dependent</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<hr>
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<a name="CR16-Operand-Qualifiers-1"></a>
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<h4 class="subsection">9.7.1 CR16 Operand Qualifiers</h4>
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<a name="index-CR16-Operand-Qualifiers"></a>
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<p>The National Semiconductor CR16 target of <code>as</code> has a few machine dependent operand qualifiers.
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</p>
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<p>Operand expression type qualifier is an optional field in the instruction operand, to determines the type of the expression field of an operand. The <code>@</code> is required. CR16 architecture uses one of the following expression qualifiers:
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt><code>s</code></dt>
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<dd><p>- <code>Specifies expression operand type as small</code>
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</p></dd>
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<dt><code>m</code></dt>
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<dd><p>- <code>Specifies expression operand type as medium</code>
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</p></dd>
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<dt><code>l</code></dt>
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<dd><p>- <code>Specifies expression operand type as large</code>
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</p></dd>
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<dt><code>c</code></dt>
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<dd><p>- <code>Specifies the CR16 Assembler generates a relocation entry for the operand, where pc has implied bit, the expression is adjusted accordingly. The linker uses the relocation entry to update the operand address at link time.</code>
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</p></dd>
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<dt><code>got/GOT</code></dt>
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<dd><p>- <code>Specifies the CR16 Assembler generates a relocation entry for the operand, offset from Global Offset Table. The linker uses this relocation entry to update the operand address at link time</code>
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</p></dd>
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<dt><code>cgot/cGOT</code></dt>
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<dd><p>- <code>Specifies the CompactRISC Assembler generates a relocation entry for the operand, where pc has implied bit, the expression is adjusted accordingly. The linker uses the relocation entry to update the operand address at link time.</code>
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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<p>CR16 target operand qualifiers and its size (in bits):
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt>‘<samp>Immediate Operand: s</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>4 bits.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>Immediate Operand: m</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>16 bits, for movb and movw instructions.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>Immediate Operand: m</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>20 bits, movd instructions.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>Immediate Operand: l</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>32 bits.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>Absolute Operand: s</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>Illegal specifier for this operand.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>Absolute Operand: m</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>20 bits, movd instructions.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>Displacement Operand: s</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>8 bits.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>Displacement Operand: m</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>16 bits.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>Displacement Operand: l</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>24 bits.
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</p>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>For example:
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</p><div class="example">
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<pre class="example">1 <code>movw $_myfun@c,r1</code>
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This loads the address of _myfun, shifted right by 1, into r1.
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2 <code>movd $_myfun@c,(r2,r1)</code>
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This loads the address of _myfun, shifted right by 1, into register-pair r2-r1.
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3 <code>_myfun_ptr:</code>
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<code>.long _myfun@c</code>
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<code>loadd _myfun_ptr, (r1,r0)</code>
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<code>jal (r1,r0)</code>
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This .long directive, the address of _myfunc, shifted right by 1 at link time.
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4 <code>loadd _data1@GOT(r12), (r1,r0)</code>
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This loads the address of _data1, into global offset table (ie GOT) and its offset value from GOT loads into register-pair r2-r1.
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5 <code>loadd _myfunc@cGOT(r12), (r1,r0)</code>
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This loads the address of _myfun, shifted right by 1, into global offset table (ie GOT) and its offset value from GOT loads into register-pair r1-r0.
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</pre></div>
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<hr>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="CR16-Syntax.html#CR16-Syntax" accesskey="n" rel="next">CR16 Syntax</a>, Up: <a href="CR16_002dDependent.html#CR16_002dDependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">CR16-Dependent</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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