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<title>Debugging with GDB: Shell Commands</title>
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<a name="Shell-Commands"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="Logging-Output.html#Logging-Output" accesskey="n" rel="next">Logging Output</a>, Previous: <a href="Quitting-GDB.html#Quitting-GDB" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Quitting GDB</a>, Up: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invocation</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<hr>
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<a name="Shell-Commands-1"></a>
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<h3 class="section">2.3 Shell Commands</h3>
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<p>If you need to execute occasional shell commands during your
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debugging session, there is no need to leave or suspend <small>GDB</small>; you can
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just use the <code>shell</code> command.
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dd><a name="index-shell"></a>
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<a name="index-_0021"></a>
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<a name="index-shell-escape"></a>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>shell <var>command-string</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>!<var>command-string</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Invoke a standard shell to execute <var>command-string</var>.
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Note that no space is needed between <code>!</code> and <var>command-string</var>.
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On GNU and Unix systems, the environment variable <code>SHELL</code>, if it
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exists, determines which shell to run. Otherwise <small>GDB</small> uses
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the default shell (<samp>/bin/sh</samp> on GNU and Unix systems,
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<samp>cmd.exe</samp> on MS-Windows, <samp>COMMAND.COM</samp> on MS-DOS, etc.).
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The utility <code>make</code> is often needed in development environments.
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You do not have to use the <code>shell</code> command for this purpose in
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<small>GDB</small>:
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dd><a name="index-make"></a>
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<a name="index-calling-make"></a>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>make <var>make-args</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Execute the <code>make</code> program with the specified
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arguments. This is equivalent to ‘<samp>shell make <var>make-args</var></samp>’.
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dd><a name="index-pipe"></a>
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<a name="index-_007c"></a>
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<a name="index-send-the-output-of-a-gdb-command-to-a-shell-command"></a>
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<a name="pipe"></a></dd>
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<dt><code>pipe [<var>command</var>] | <var>shell_command</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>| [<var>command</var>] | <var>shell_command</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>pipe -d <var>delim</var> <var>command</var> <var>delim</var> <var>shell_command</var></code></dt>
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<dt><code>| -d <var>delim</var> <var>command</var> <var>delim</var> <var>shell_command</var></code></dt>
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<dd><p>Executes <var>command</var> and sends its output to <var>shell_command</var>.
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Note that no space is needed around <code>|</code>.
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If no <var>command</var> is provided, the last command executed is repeated.
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</p>
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<p>In case the <var>command</var> contains a <code>|</code>, the option <code>-d <var>delim</var></code>
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can be used to specify an alternate delimiter string <var>delim</var> that separates
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the <var>command</var> from the <var>shell_command</var>.
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</p>
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<p>Example:
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</p><div class="smallexample">
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<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) p var
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$1 = {
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black = 144,
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red = 233,
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green = 377,
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blue = 610,
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white = 987
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}
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</pre><pre class="smallexample">(gdb) pipe p var|wc
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7 19 80
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(gdb) |p var|wc -l
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7
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</pre><pre class="smallexample">(gdb) p /x var
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$4 = {
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black = 0x90,
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red = 0xe9,
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green = 0x179,
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blue = 0x262,
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white = 0x3db
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}
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(gdb) ||grep red
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red => 0xe9,
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</pre><pre class="smallexample">(gdb) | -d ! echo this contains a | char\n ! sed -e 's/|/PIPE/'
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this contains a PIPE char
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(gdb) | -d xxx echo this contains a | char!\n xxx sed -e 's/|/PIPE/'
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this contains a PIPE char!
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(gdb)
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</pre></div>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<p>The convenience variables <code>$_shell_exitcode</code> and <code>$_shell_exitsignal</code>
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can be used to examine the exit status of the last shell command launched
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by <code>shell</code>, <code>make</code>, <code>pipe</code> and <code>|</code>.
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See <a href="Convenience-Vars.html#Convenience-Vars">Convenience Variables</a>.
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</p>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="Logging-Output.html#Logging-Output" accesskey="n" rel="next">Logging Output</a>, Previous: <a href="Quitting-GDB.html#Quitting-GDB" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Quitting GDB</a>, Up: <a href="Invocation.html#Invocation" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invocation</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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