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<title>Debugging with GDB: Packets</title>
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<a name="Packets"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets" accesskey="n" rel="next">Stop Reply Packets</a>, Previous: <a href="Overview.html#Overview" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Overview</a>, Up: <a href="Remote-Protocol.html#Remote-Protocol" accesskey="u" rel="up">Remote Protocol</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="Packets-1"></a>
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<h3 class="section">E.2 Packets</h3>
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<p>The following table provides a complete list of all currently defined
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<var>command</var>s and their corresponding response <var>data</var>.
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See <a href="File_002dI_002fO-Remote-Protocol-Extension.html#File_002dI_002fO-Remote-Protocol-Extension">File-I/O Remote Protocol Extension</a>, for details about the File
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I/O extension of the remote protocol.
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</p>
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<p>Each packet’s description has a template showing the packet’s overall
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syntax, followed by an explanation of the packet’s meaning. We
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include spaces in some of the templates for clarity; these are not
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part of the packet’s syntax. No <small>GDB</small> packet uses spaces to
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separate its components. For example, a template like ‘<samp>foo
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<var>bar</var> <var>baz</var></samp>’ describes a packet beginning with the three ASCII
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bytes ‘<samp>foo</samp>’, followed by a <var>bar</var>, followed directly by a
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<var>baz</var>. <small>GDB</small> does not transmit a space character between the
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‘<samp>foo</samp>’ and the <var>bar</var>, or between the <var>bar</var> and the
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<var>baz</var>.
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</p>
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<a name="index-thread_002did_002c-in-remote-protocol"></a>
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<a name="thread_002did-syntax"></a><p>Several packets and replies include a <var>thread-id</var> field to identify
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a thread. Normally these are positive numbers with a target-specific
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interpretation, formatted as big-endian hex strings. A <var>thread-id</var>
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can also be a literal ‘<samp>-1</samp>’ to indicate all threads, or ‘<samp>0</samp>’ to
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pick any thread.
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</p>
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<p>In addition, the remote protocol supports a multiprocess feature in
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which the <var>thread-id</var> syntax is extended to optionally include both
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process and thread ID fields, as ‘<samp>p<var>pid</var>.<var>tid</var></samp>’.
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The <var>pid</var> (process) and <var>tid</var> (thread) components each have the
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format described above: a positive number with target-specific
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interpretation formatted as a big-endian hex string, literal ‘<samp>-1</samp>’
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to indicate all processes or threads (respectively), or ‘<samp>0</samp>’ to
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indicate an arbitrary process or thread. Specifying just a process, as
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‘<samp>p<var>pid</var></samp>’, is equivalent to ‘<samp>p<var>pid</var>.-1</samp>’. It is an
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error to specify all processes but a specific thread, such as
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‘<samp>p-1.<var>tid</var></samp>’. Note that the ‘<samp>p</samp>’ prefix is <em>not</em> used
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for those packets and replies explicitly documented to include a process
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ID, rather than a <var>thread-id</var>.
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</p>
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<p>The multiprocess <var>thread-id</var> syntax extensions are only used if both
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<small>GDB</small> and the stub report support for the ‘<samp>multiprocess</samp>’
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feature using ‘<samp>qSupported</samp>’. See <a href="General-Query-Packets.html#multiprocess-extensions">multiprocess extensions</a>, for
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more information.
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</p>
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<p>Note that all packet forms beginning with an upper- or lower-case
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letter, other than those described here, are reserved for future use.
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</p>
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<p>Here are the packet descriptions.
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt>‘<samp>!</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-_0021-packet"></a>
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<a name="extended-mode"></a><p>Enable extended mode. In extended mode, the remote server is made
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persistent. The ‘<samp>R</samp>’ packet is used to restart the program being
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debugged.
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</p>
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<p>Reply:
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</p><dl compact="compact">
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<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>The remote target both supports and has enabled extended mode.
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>?</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-_003f-packet"></a>
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<a name="g_t_003f-packet"></a><p>Indicate the reason the target halted. The reply is the same as for
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step and continue. This packet has a special interpretation when the
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target is in non-stop mode; see <a href="Remote-Non_002dStop.html#Remote-Non_002dStop">Remote Non-Stop</a>.
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</p>
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<p>Reply:
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See <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">Stop Reply Packets</a>, for the reply specifications.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>A <var>arglen</var>,<var>argnum</var>,<var>arg</var>,…</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-A-packet"></a>
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<p>Initialized <code>argv[]</code> array passed into program. <var>arglen</var>
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specifies the number of bytes in the hex encoded byte stream
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<var>arg</var>. See <code>gdbserver</code> for more details.
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</p>
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<p>Reply:
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</p><dl compact="compact">
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<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>The arguments were set.
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</p></dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>An error occurred.
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>b <var>baud</var></samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-b-packet"></a>
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<p>(Don’t use this packet; its behavior is not well-defined.)
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Change the serial line speed to <var>baud</var>.
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</p>
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<p>JTC: <em>When does the transport layer state change? When it’s
|
received, or after the ACK is transmitted. In either case, there are
|
problems if the command or the acknowledgment packet is dropped.</em>
|
</p>
|
<p>Stan: <em>If people really wanted to add something like this, and get
|
it working for the first time, they ought to modify ser-unix.c to send
|
some kind of out-of-band message to a specially-setup stub and have the
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switch happen "in between" packets, so that from remote protocol’s point
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of view, nothing actually happened.</em>
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>B <var>addr</var>,<var>mode</var></samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-B-packet"></a>
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<p>Set (<var>mode</var> is ‘<samp>S</samp>’) or clear (<var>mode</var> is ‘<samp>C</samp>’) a
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breakpoint at <var>addr</var>.
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</p>
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<p>Don’t use this packet. Use the ‘<samp>Z</samp>’ and ‘<samp>z</samp>’ packets instead
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(see <a href="#insert-breakpoint-or-watchpoint-packet">insert breakpoint or watchpoint packet</a>).
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</p>
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<a name="index-bc-packet"></a>
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<a name="bc"></a></dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>bc</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>Backward continue. Execute the target system in reverse. No parameter.
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See <a href="Reverse-Execution.html#Reverse-Execution">Reverse Execution</a>, for more information.
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</p>
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<p>Reply:
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See <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">Stop Reply Packets</a>, for the reply specifications.
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</p>
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<a name="index-bs-packet"></a>
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<a name="bs"></a></dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>bs</samp>’</dt>
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<dd><p>Backward single step. Execute one instruction in reverse. No parameter.
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See <a href="Reverse-Execution.html#Reverse-Execution">Reverse Execution</a>, for more information.
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</p>
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<p>Reply:
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See <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">Stop Reply Packets</a>, for the reply specifications.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>c <span class="roman">[</span><var>addr</var><span class="roman">]</span></samp>’</dt>
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<dd><a name="index-c-packet"></a>
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<p>Continue at <var>addr</var>, which is the address to resume. If <var>addr</var>
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is omitted, resume at current address.
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</p>
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<p>This packet is deprecated for multi-threading support. See <a href="#vCont-packet">vCont packet</a>.
|
</p>
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<p>Reply:
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See <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">Stop Reply Packets</a>, for the reply specifications.
|
</p>
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</dd>
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<dt>‘<samp>C <var>sig</var><span class="roman">[</span>;<var>addr</var><span class="roman">]</span></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-C-packet"></a>
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<p>Continue with signal <var>sig</var> (hex signal number). If
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‘<samp>;<var>addr</var></samp>’ is omitted, resume at same address.
|
</p>
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<p>This packet is deprecated for multi-threading support. See <a href="#vCont-packet">vCont packet</a>.
|
</p>
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<p>Reply:
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See <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">Stop Reply Packets</a>, for the reply specifications.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>d</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-d-packet"></a>
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<p>Toggle debug flag.
|
</p>
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<p>Don’t use this packet; instead, define a general set packet
|
(see <a href="General-Query-Packets.html#General-Query-Packets">General Query Packets</a>).
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>D</samp>’</dt>
|
<dt>‘<samp>D;<var>pid</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-D-packet"></a>
|
<p>The first form of the packet is used to detach <small>GDB</small> from the
|
remote system. It is sent to the remote target
|
before <small>GDB</small> disconnects via the <code>detach</code> command.
|
</p>
|
<p>The second form, including a process ID, is used when multiprocess
|
protocol extensions are enabled (see <a href="General-Query-Packets.html#multiprocess-extensions">multiprocess extensions</a>), to
|
detach only a specific process. The <var>pid</var> is specified as a
|
big-endian hex string.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
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<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>F <var>RC</var>,<var>EE</var>,<var>CF</var>;<var>XX</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-F-packet"></a>
|
<p>A reply from <small>GDB</small> to an ‘<samp>F</samp>’ packet sent by the target.
|
This is part of the File-I/O protocol extension. See <a href="File_002dI_002fO-Remote-Protocol-Extension.html#File_002dI_002fO-Remote-Protocol-Extension">File-I/O Remote Protocol Extension</a>, for the specification.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>g</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="read-registers-packet"></a><a name="index-g-packet"></a>
|
<p>Read general registers.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp><var>XX…</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>Each byte of register data is described by two hex digits. The bytes
|
with the register are transmitted in target byte order. The size of
|
each register and their position within the ‘<samp>g</samp>’ packet are
|
determined by the <small>GDB</small> internal gdbarch functions
|
<code>DEPRECATED_REGISTER_RAW_SIZE</code> and <code>gdbarch_register_name</code>.
|
</p>
|
<p>When reading registers from a trace frame (see <a href="Analyze-Collected-Data.html#Analyze-Collected-Data">Using the Collected Data</a>), the stub may also return a string of
|
literal ‘<samp>x</samp>’’s in place of the register data digits, to indicate
|
that the corresponding register has not been collected, thus its value
|
is unavailable. For example, for an architecture with 4 registers of
|
4 bytes each, the following reply indicates to <small>GDB</small> that
|
registers 0 and 2 have not been collected, while registers 1 and 3
|
have been collected, and both have zero value:
|
</p>
|
<div class="smallexample">
|
<pre class="smallexample">-> <code>g</code>
|
<- <code>xxxxxxxx00000000xxxxxxxx00000000</code>
|
</pre></div>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error.
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>G <var>XX…</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-G-packet"></a>
|
<p>Write general registers. See <a href="#read-registers-packet">read registers packet</a>, for a
|
description of the <var>XX…</var> data.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>H <var>op</var> <var>thread-id</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-H-packet"></a>
|
<p>Set thread for subsequent operations (‘<samp>m</samp>’, ‘<samp>M</samp>’, ‘<samp>g</samp>’,
|
‘<samp>G</samp>’, et.al.). Depending on the operation to be performed, <var>op</var>
|
should be ‘<samp>c</samp>’ for step and continue operations (note that this
|
is deprecated, supporting the ‘<samp>vCont</samp>’ command is a better
|
option), and ‘<samp>g</samp>’ for other operations. The thread designator
|
<var>thread-id</var> has the format and interpretation described in
|
<a href="#thread_002did-syntax">thread-id syntax</a>.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>i <span class="roman">[</span><var>addr</var><span class="roman">[</span>,<var>nnn</var><span class="roman">]]</span></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="cycle-step-packet"></a><a name="index-i-packet"></a>
|
<p>Step the remote target by a single clock cycle. If ‘<samp>,<var>nnn</var></samp>’ is
|
present, cycle step <var>nnn</var> cycles. If <var>addr</var> is present, cycle
|
step starting at that address.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>I</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-I-packet"></a>
|
<p>Signal, then cycle step. See <a href="#step-with-signal-packet">step with signal packet</a>. See <a href="#cycle-step-packet">cycle step packet</a>.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>k</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-k-packet"></a>
|
<p>Kill request.
|
</p>
|
<p>The exact effect of this packet is not specified.
|
</p>
|
<p>For a bare-metal target, it may power cycle or reset the target
|
system. For that reason, the ‘<samp>k</samp>’ packet has no reply.
|
</p>
|
<p>For a single-process target, it may kill that process if possible.
|
</p>
|
<p>A multiple-process target may choose to kill just one process, or all
|
that are under <small>GDB</small>’s control. For more precise control, use
|
the vKill packet (see <a href="#vKill-packet">vKill packet</a>).
|
</p>
|
<p>If the target system immediately closes the connection in response to
|
‘<samp>k</samp>’, <small>GDB</small> does not consider the lack of packet
|
acknowledgment to be an error, and assumes the kill was successful.
|
</p>
|
<p>If connected using <kbd>target extended-remote</kbd>, and the target does
|
not close the connection in response to a kill request, <small>GDB</small>
|
probes the target state as if a new connection was opened
|
(see <a href="#g_t_003f-packet">? packet</a>).
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>m <var>addr</var>,<var>length</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-m-packet"></a>
|
<p>Read <var>length</var> addressable memory units starting at address <var>addr</var>
|
(see <a href="Memory.html#addressable-memory-unit">addressable memory unit</a>). Note that <var>addr</var> may not be aligned to
|
any particular boundary.
|
</p>
|
<p>The stub need not use any particular size or alignment when gathering
|
data from memory for the response; even if <var>addr</var> is word-aligned
|
and <var>length</var> is a multiple of the word size, the stub is free to
|
use byte accesses, or not. For this reason, this packet may not be
|
suitable for accessing memory-mapped I/O devices.
|
<a name="index-alignment-of-remote-memory-accesses"></a>
|
<a name="index-size-of-remote-memory-accesses"></a>
|
<a name="index-memory_002c-alignment-and-size-of-remote-accesses"></a>
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp><var>XX…</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>Memory contents; each byte is transmitted as a two-digit hexadecimal number.
|
The reply may contain fewer addressable memory units than requested if the
|
server was able to read only part of the region of memory.
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p><var>NN</var> is errno
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>M <var>addr</var>,<var>length</var>:<var>XX…</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-M-packet"></a>
|
<p>Write <var>length</var> addressable memory units starting at address <var>addr</var>
|
(see <a href="Memory.html#addressable-memory-unit">addressable memory unit</a>). The data is given by <var>XX…</var>; each
|
byte is transmitted as a two-digit hexadecimal number.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error (this includes the case where only part of the data was
|
written).
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>p <var>n</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-p-packet"></a>
|
<p>Read the value of register <var>n</var>; <var>n</var> is in hex.
|
See <a href="#read-registers-packet">read registers packet</a>, for a description of how the returned
|
register value is encoded.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp><var>XX…</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>the register’s value
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp><!-- /@w --></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>Indicating an unrecognized <var>query</var>.
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>P <var>n…</var>=<var>r…</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="write-register-packet"></a><a name="index-P-packet"></a>
|
<p>Write register <var>n…</var> with value <var>r…</var>. The register
|
number <var>n</var> is in hexadecimal, and <var>r…</var> contains two hex
|
digits for each byte in the register (target byte order).
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>q <var>name</var> <var>params</var>…</samp>’</dt>
|
<dt>‘<samp>Q <var>name</var> <var>params</var>…</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-q-packet"></a>
|
<a name="index-Q-packet"></a>
|
<p>General query (‘<samp>q</samp>’) and set (‘<samp>Q</samp>’). These packets are
|
described fully in <a href="General-Query-Packets.html#General-Query-Packets">General Query Packets</a>.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>r</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-r-packet"></a>
|
<p>Reset the entire system.
|
</p>
|
<p>Don’t use this packet; use the ‘<samp>R</samp>’ packet instead.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>R <var>XX</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-R-packet"></a>
|
<p>Restart the program being debugged. The <var>XX</var>, while needed, is ignored.
|
This packet is only available in extended mode (see <a href="#extended-mode">extended mode</a>).
|
</p>
|
<p>The ‘<samp>R</samp>’ packet has no reply.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>s <span class="roman">[</span><var>addr</var><span class="roman">]</span></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-s-packet"></a>
|
<p>Single step, resuming at <var>addr</var>. If
|
<var>addr</var> is omitted, resume at same address.
|
</p>
|
<p>This packet is deprecated for multi-threading support. See <a href="#vCont-packet">vCont packet</a>.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
See <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">Stop Reply Packets</a>, for the reply specifications.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>S <var>sig</var><span class="roman">[</span>;<var>addr</var><span class="roman">]</span></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="step-with-signal-packet"></a><a name="index-S-packet"></a>
|
<p>Step with signal. This is analogous to the ‘<samp>C</samp>’ packet, but
|
requests a single-step, rather than a normal resumption of execution.
|
</p>
|
<p>This packet is deprecated for multi-threading support. See <a href="#vCont-packet">vCont packet</a>.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
See <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">Stop Reply Packets</a>, for the reply specifications.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>t <var>addr</var>:<var>PP</var>,<var>MM</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-t-packet"></a>
|
<p>Search backwards starting at address <var>addr</var> for a match with pattern
|
<var>PP</var> and mask <var>MM</var>, both of which are are 4 byte long.
|
There must be at least 3 digits in <var>addr</var>.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>T <var>thread-id</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-T-packet"></a>
|
<p>Find out if the thread <var>thread-id</var> is alive. See <a href="#thread_002did-syntax">thread-id syntax</a>.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>thread is still alive
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>thread is dead
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>v</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>Packets starting with ‘<samp>v</samp>’ are identified by a multi-letter name,
|
up to the first ‘<samp>;</samp>’ or ‘<samp>?</samp>’ (or the end of the packet).
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vAttach;<var>pid</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vAttach-packet"></a>
|
<p>Attach to a new process with the specified process ID <var>pid</var>.
|
The process ID is a
|
hexadecimal integer identifying the process. In all-stop mode, all
|
threads in the attached process are stopped; in non-stop mode, it may be
|
attached without being stopped if that is supported by the target.
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This packet is only available in extended mode (see <a href="#extended-mode">extended mode</a>).
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>nn</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp><span class="roman">Any stop packet</span></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success in all-stop mode (see <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">Stop Reply Packets</a>)
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success in non-stop mode (see <a href="Remote-Non_002dStop.html#Remote-Non_002dStop">Remote Non-Stop</a>)
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vCont<span class="roman">[</span>;<var>action</var><span class="roman">[</span>:<var>thread-id</var><span class="roman">]]</span>…</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vCont-packet"></a>
|
<a name="vCont-packet"></a><p>Resume the inferior, specifying different actions for each thread.
|
</p>
|
<p>For each inferior thread, the leftmost action with a matching
|
<var>thread-id</var> is applied. Threads that don’t match any action
|
remain in their current state. Thread IDs are specified using the
|
syntax described in <a href="#thread_002did-syntax">thread-id syntax</a>. If multiprocess
|
extensions (see <a href="General-Query-Packets.html#multiprocess-extensions">multiprocess extensions</a>) are supported, actions
|
can be specified to match all threads in a process by using the
|
‘<samp>p<var>pid</var>.-1</samp>’ form of the <var>thread-id</var>. An action with no
|
<var>thread-id</var> matches all threads. Specifying no actions is an
|
error.
|
</p>
|
<p>Currently supported actions are:
|
</p>
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>c</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>Continue.
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>C <var>sig</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>Continue with signal <var>sig</var>. The signal <var>sig</var> should be two hex digits.
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>s</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>Step.
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>S <var>sig</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>Step with signal <var>sig</var>. The signal <var>sig</var> should be two hex digits.
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>t</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>Stop.
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>r <var>start</var>,<var>end</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>Step once, and then keep stepping as long as the thread stops at
|
addresses between <var>start</var> (inclusive) and <var>end</var> (exclusive).
|
The remote stub reports a stop reply when either the thread goes out
|
of the range or is stopped due to an unrelated reason, such as hitting
|
a breakpoint. See <a href="Continuing-and-Stepping.html#range-stepping">range stepping</a>.
|
</p>
|
<p>If the range is empty (<var>start</var> == <var>end</var>), then the action
|
becomes equivalent to the ‘<samp>s</samp>’ action. In other words,
|
single-step once, and report the stop (even if the stepped instruction
|
jumps to <var>start</var>).
|
</p>
|
<p>(A stop reply may be sent at any point even if the PC is still within
|
the stepping range; for example, it is valid to implement this packet
|
in a degenerate way as a single instruction step operation.)
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
<p>The optional argument <var>addr</var> normally associated with the
|
‘<samp>c</samp>’, ‘<samp>C</samp>’, ‘<samp>s</samp>’, and ‘<samp>S</samp>’ packets is
|
not supported in ‘<samp>vCont</samp>’.
|
</p>
|
<p>The ‘<samp>t</samp>’ action is only relevant in non-stop mode
|
(see <a href="Remote-Non_002dStop.html#Remote-Non_002dStop">Remote Non-Stop</a>) and may be ignored by the stub otherwise.
|
A stop reply should be generated for any affected thread not already stopped.
|
When a thread is stopped by means of a ‘<samp>t</samp>’ action,
|
the corresponding stop reply should indicate that the thread has stopped with
|
signal ‘<samp>0</samp>’, regardless of whether the target uses some other signal
|
as an implementation detail.
|
</p>
|
<p>The server must ignore ‘<samp>c</samp>’, ‘<samp>C</samp>’, ‘<samp>s</samp>’, ‘<samp>S</samp>’, and
|
‘<samp>r</samp>’ actions for threads that are already running. Conversely,
|
the server must ignore ‘<samp>t</samp>’ actions for threads that are already
|
stopped.
|
</p>
|
<p><em>Note:</em> In non-stop mode, a thread is considered running until
|
<small>GDB</small> acknowledges an asynchronous stop notification for it with
|
the ‘<samp>vStopped</samp>’ packet (see <a href="Remote-Non_002dStop.html#Remote-Non_002dStop">Remote Non-Stop</a>).
|
</p>
|
<p>The stub must support ‘<samp>vCont</samp>’ if it reports support for
|
multiprocess extensions (see <a href="General-Query-Packets.html#multiprocess-extensions">multiprocess extensions</a>).
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
See <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">Stop Reply Packets</a>, for the reply specifications.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vCont?</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vCont_003f-packet"></a>
|
<p>Request a list of actions supported by the ‘<samp>vCont</samp>’ packet.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>vCont<span class="roman">[</span>;<var>action</var>…<span class="roman">]</span></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>The ‘<samp>vCont</samp>’ packet is supported. Each <var>action</var> is a supported
|
command in the ‘<samp>vCont</samp>’ packet.
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp><!-- /@w --></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>The ‘<samp>vCont</samp>’ packet is not supported.
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
<a name="vCtrlC-packet"></a></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vCtrlC</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vCtrlC-packet"></a>
|
<p>Interrupt remote target as if a control-C was pressed on the remote
|
terminal. This is the equivalent to reacting to the <code>^C</code>
|
(‘<samp>\003</samp>’, the control-C character) character in all-stop mode
|
while the target is running, except this works in non-stop mode.
|
See <a href="Interrupts.html#interrupting-remote-targets">interrupting remote targets</a>, for more info on the all-stop
|
variant.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>nn</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vFile:<var>operation</var>:<var>parameter</var>…</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vFile-packet"></a>
|
<p>Perform a file operation on the target system. For details,
|
see <a href="Host-I_002fO-Packets.html#Host-I_002fO-Packets">Host I/O Packets</a>.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vFlashErase:<var>addr</var>,<var>length</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vFlashErase-packet"></a>
|
<p>Direct the stub to erase <var>length</var> bytes of flash starting at
|
<var>addr</var>. The region may enclose any number of flash blocks, but
|
its start and end must fall on block boundaries, as indicated by the
|
flash block size appearing in the memory map (see <a href="Memory-Map-Format.html#Memory-Map-Format">Memory Map Format</a>). <small>GDB</small> groups flash memory programming operations
|
together, and sends a ‘<samp>vFlashDone</samp>’ request after each group; the
|
stub is allowed to delay erase operation until the ‘<samp>vFlashDone</samp>’
|
packet is received.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vFlashWrite:<var>addr</var>:<var>XX…</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vFlashWrite-packet"></a>
|
<p>Direct the stub to write data to flash address <var>addr</var>. The data
|
is passed in binary form using the same encoding as for the ‘<samp>X</samp>’
|
packet (see <a href="Overview.html#Binary-Data">Binary Data</a>). The memory ranges specified by
|
‘<samp>vFlashWrite</samp>’ packets preceding a ‘<samp>vFlashDone</samp>’ packet must
|
not overlap, and must appear in order of increasing addresses
|
(although ‘<samp>vFlashErase</samp>’ packets for higher addresses may already
|
have been received; the ordering is guaranteed only between
|
‘<samp>vFlashWrite</samp>’ packets). If a packet writes to an address that was
|
neither erased by a preceding ‘<samp>vFlashErase</samp>’ packet nor by some other
|
target-specific method, the results are unpredictable.
|
</p>
|
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E.memtype</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for vFlashWrite addressing non-flash memory
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vFlashDone</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vFlashDone-packet"></a>
|
<p>Indicate to the stub that flash programming operation is finished.
|
The stub is permitted to delay or batch the effects of a group of
|
‘<samp>vFlashErase</samp>’ and ‘<samp>vFlashWrite</samp>’ packets until a
|
‘<samp>vFlashDone</samp>’ packet is received. The contents of the affected
|
regions of flash memory are unpredictable until the ‘<samp>vFlashDone</samp>’
|
request is completed.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vKill;<var>pid</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vKill-packet"></a>
|
<a name="vKill-packet"></a><p>Kill the process with the specified process ID <var>pid</var>, which is a
|
hexadecimal integer identifying the process. This packet is used in
|
preference to ‘<samp>k</samp>’ when multiprocess protocol extensions are
|
supported; see <a href="General-Query-Packets.html#multiprocess-extensions">multiprocess extensions</a>.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>nn</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vMustReplyEmpty</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vMustReplyEmpty-packet"></a>
|
<p>The correct reply to an unknown ‘<samp>v</samp>’ packet is to return the empty
|
string, however, some older versions of <code>gdbserver</code> would
|
incorrectly return ‘<samp>OK</samp>’ for unknown ‘<samp>v</samp>’ packets.
|
</p>
|
<p>The ‘<samp>vMustReplyEmpty</samp>’ is used as a feature test to check how
|
<code>gdbserver</code> handles unknown packets, it is important that this
|
packet be handled in the same way as other unknown ‘<samp>v</samp>’ packets.
|
If this packet is handled differently to other unknown ‘<samp>v</samp>’
|
packets then it is possible that <small>GDB</small> may run into problems in
|
other areas, specifically around use of ‘<samp>vFile:setfs:</samp>’.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vRun;<var>filename</var><span class="roman">[</span>;<var>argument</var><span class="roman">]</span>…</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vRun-packet"></a>
|
<p>Run the program <var>filename</var>, passing it each <var>argument</var> on its
|
command line. The file and arguments are hex-encoded strings. If
|
<var>filename</var> is an empty string, the stub may use a default program
|
(e.g. the last program run). The program is created in the stopped
|
state.
|
</p>
|
|
<p>This packet is only available in extended mode (see <a href="#extended-mode">extended mode</a>).
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>nn</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp><span class="roman">Any stop packet</span></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success (see <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets">Stop Reply Packets</a>)
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>vStopped</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-vStopped-packet"></a>
|
<p>See <a href="Notification-Packets.html#Notification-Packets">Notification Packets</a>.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>X <var>addr</var>,<var>length</var>:<var>XX…</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="X-packet"></a><a name="index-X-packet"></a>
|
<p>Write data to memory, where the data is transmitted in binary.
|
Memory is specified by its address <var>addr</var> and number of addressable memory
|
units <var>length</var> (see <a href="Memory.html#addressable-memory-unit">addressable memory unit</a>);
|
‘<samp><var>XX</var>…</samp>’ is binary data (see <a href="Overview.html#Binary-Data">Binary Data</a>).
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>z <var>type</var>,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dt>‘<samp>Z <var>type</var>,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="insert-breakpoint-or-watchpoint-packet"></a><a name="index-z-packet"></a>
|
<a name="index-Z-packets"></a>
|
<p>Insert (‘<samp>Z</samp>’) or remove (‘<samp>z</samp>’) a <var>type</var> breakpoint or
|
watchpoint starting at address <var>address</var> of kind <var>kind</var>.
|
</p>
|
<p>Each breakpoint and watchpoint packet <var>type</var> is documented
|
separately.
|
</p>
|
<p><em>Implementation notes: A remote target shall return an empty string
|
for an unrecognized breakpoint or watchpoint packet <var>type</var>. A
|
remote target shall support either both or neither of a given
|
‘<samp>Z<var>type</var>…</samp>’ and ‘<samp>z<var>type</var>…</samp>’ packet pair. To
|
avoid potential problems with duplicate packets, the operations should
|
be implemented in an idempotent way.</em>
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>z0,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dt>‘<samp>Z0,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var><span class="roman">[</span>;<var>cond_list</var>…<span class="roman">]</span><span class="roman">[</span>;cmds:<var>persist</var>,<var>cmd_list</var>…<span class="roman">]</span></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-z0-packet"></a>
|
<a name="index-Z0-packet"></a>
|
<p>Insert (‘<samp>Z0</samp>’) or remove (‘<samp>z0</samp>’) a software breakpoint at address
|
<var>addr</var> of type <var>kind</var>.
|
</p>
|
<p>A software breakpoint is implemented by replacing the instruction at
|
<var>addr</var> with a software breakpoint or trap instruction. The
|
<var>kind</var> is target-specific and typically indicates the size of the
|
breakpoint in bytes that should be inserted. E.g., the <small>ARM</small> and
|
<small>MIPS</small> can insert either a 2 or 4 byte breakpoint. Some
|
architectures have additional meanings for <var>kind</var>
|
(see <a href="Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details.html#Architecture_002dSpecific-Protocol-Details">Architecture-Specific Protocol Details</a>); if no
|
architecture-specific value is being used, it should be ‘<samp>0</samp>’.
|
<var>kind</var> is hex-encoded. <var>cond_list</var> is an optional list of
|
conditional expressions in bytecode form that should be evaluated on
|
the target’s side. These are the conditions that should be taken into
|
consideration when deciding if the breakpoint trigger should be
|
reported back to <small>GDB</small>.
|
</p>
|
<p>See also the ‘<samp>swbreak</samp>’ stop reason (see <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#swbreak-stop-reason">swbreak stop reason</a>)
|
for how to best report a software breakpoint event to <small>GDB</small>.
|
</p>
|
<p>The <var>cond_list</var> parameter is comprised of a series of expressions,
|
concatenated without separators. Each expression has the following form:
|
</p>
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>X <var>len</var>,<var>expr</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p><var>len</var> is the length of the bytecode expression and <var>expr</var> is the
|
actual conditional expression in bytecode form.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
<p>The optional <var>cmd_list</var> parameter introduces commands that may be
|
run on the target, rather than being reported back to <small>GDB</small>.
|
The parameter starts with a numeric flag <var>persist</var>; if the flag is
|
nonzero, then the breakpoint may remain active and the commands
|
continue to be run even when <small>GDB</small> disconnects from the target.
|
Following this flag is a series of expressions concatenated with no
|
separators. Each expression has the following form:
|
</p>
|
<dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>X <var>len</var>,<var>expr</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p><var>len</var> is the length of the bytecode expression and <var>expr</var> is the
|
actual commands expression in bytecode form.
|
</p>
|
</dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
<p><em>Implementation note: It is possible for a target to copy or move
|
code that contains software breakpoints (e.g., when implementing
|
overlays). The behavior of this packet, in the presence of such a
|
target, is not defined.</em>
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp><!-- /@w --></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>not supported
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>z1,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dt>‘<samp>Z1,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var><span class="roman">[</span>;<var>cond_list</var>…<span class="roman">]</span><span class="roman">[</span>;cmds:<var>persist</var>,<var>cmd_list</var>…<span class="roman">]</span></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-z1-packet"></a>
|
<a name="index-Z1-packet"></a>
|
<p>Insert (‘<samp>Z1</samp>’) or remove (‘<samp>z1</samp>’) a hardware breakpoint at
|
address <var>addr</var>.
|
</p>
|
<p>A hardware breakpoint is implemented using a mechanism that is not
|
dependent on being able to modify the target’s memory. The
|
<var>kind</var>, <var>cond_list</var>, and <var>cmd_list</var> arguments have the
|
same meaning as in ‘<samp>Z0</samp>’ packets.
|
</p>
|
<p><em>Implementation note: A hardware breakpoint is not affected by code
|
movement.</em>
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp><!-- /@w --></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>not supported
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>z2,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dt>‘<samp>Z2,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-z2-packet"></a>
|
<a name="index-Z2-packet"></a>
|
<p>Insert (‘<samp>Z2</samp>’) or remove (‘<samp>z2</samp>’) a write watchpoint at <var>addr</var>.
|
The number of bytes to watch is specified by <var>kind</var>.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp><!-- /@w --></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>not supported
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>z3,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dt>‘<samp>Z3,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-z3-packet"></a>
|
<a name="index-Z3-packet"></a>
|
<p>Insert (‘<samp>Z3</samp>’) or remove (‘<samp>z3</samp>’) a read watchpoint at <var>addr</var>.
|
The number of bytes to watch is specified by <var>kind</var>.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp><!-- /@w --></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>not supported
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>z4,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dt>‘<samp>Z4,<var>addr</var>,<var>kind</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><a name="index-z4-packet"></a>
|
<a name="index-Z4-packet"></a>
|
<p>Insert (‘<samp>Z4</samp>’) or remove (‘<samp>z4</samp>’) an access watchpoint at <var>addr</var>.
|
The number of bytes to watch is specified by <var>kind</var>.
|
</p>
|
<p>Reply:
|
</p><dl compact="compact">
|
<dt>‘<samp>OK</samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>success
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp><!-- /@w --></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>not supported
|
</p></dd>
|
<dt>‘<samp>E <var>NN</var></samp>’</dt>
|
<dd><p>for an error
|
</p></dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
</dd>
|
</dl>
|
|
<hr>
|
<div class="header">
|
<p>
|
Next: <a href="Stop-Reply-Packets.html#Stop-Reply-Packets" accesskey="n" rel="next">Stop Reply Packets</a>, Previous: <a href="Overview.html#Overview" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Overview</a>, Up: <a href="Remote-Protocol.html#Remote-Protocol" accesskey="u" rel="up">Remote Protocol</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
</html>
|
