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<title>Debugging with GDB: Built-In Func/Proc</title>
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<a name="Built_002dIn-Func_002fProc"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="M2-Constants.html#M2-Constants" accesskey="n" rel="next">M2 Constants</a>, Previous: <a href="M2-Operators.html#M2-Operators" accesskey="p" rel="previous">M2 Operators</a>, Up: <a href="Modula_002d2.html#Modula_002d2" accesskey="u" rel="up">Modula-2</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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</div>
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<hr>
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<a name="Built_002din-Functions-and-Procedures"></a>
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<h4 class="subsubsection">15.4.9.2 Built-in Functions and Procedures</h4>
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<a name="index-Modula_002d2-built_002dins"></a>
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<p>Modula-2 also makes available several built-in procedures and functions.
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In describing these, the following metavariables are used:
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt><var>a</var></dt>
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<dd><p>represents an <code>ARRAY</code> variable.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><var>c</var></dt>
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<dd><p>represents a <code>CHAR</code> constant or variable.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><var>i</var></dt>
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<dd><p>represents a variable or constant of integral type.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><var>m</var></dt>
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<dd><p>represents an identifier that belongs to a set. Generally used in the
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same function with the metavariable <var>s</var>. The type of <var>s</var> should
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be <code>SET OF <var>mtype</var></code> (where <var>mtype</var> is the type of <var>m</var>).
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><var>n</var></dt>
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<dd><p>represents a variable or constant of integral or floating-point type.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><var>r</var></dt>
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<dd><p>represents a variable or constant of floating-point type.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><var>t</var></dt>
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<dd><p>represents a type.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><var>v</var></dt>
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<dd><p>represents a variable.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><var>x</var></dt>
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<dd><p>represents a variable or constant of one of many types. See the
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explanation of the function for details.
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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<p>All Modula-2 built-in procedures also return a result, described below.
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</p>
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<dl compact="compact">
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<dt><code>ABS(<var>n</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns the absolute value of <var>n</var>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>CAP(<var>c</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>If <var>c</var> is a lower case letter, it returns its upper case
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equivalent, otherwise it returns its argument.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>CHR(<var>i</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns the character whose ordinal value is <var>i</var>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>DEC(<var>v</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Decrements the value in the variable <var>v</var> by one. Returns the new value.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>DEC(<var>v</var>,<var>i</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Decrements the value in the variable <var>v</var> by <var>i</var>. Returns the
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new value.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>EXCL(<var>m</var>,<var>s</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Removes the element <var>m</var> from the set <var>s</var>. Returns the new
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set.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>FLOAT(<var>i</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns the floating point equivalent of the integer <var>i</var>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>HIGH(<var>a</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns the index of the last member of <var>a</var>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>INC(<var>v</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Increments the value in the variable <var>v</var> by one. Returns the new value.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>INC(<var>v</var>,<var>i</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Increments the value in the variable <var>v</var> by <var>i</var>. Returns the
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new value.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>INCL(<var>m</var>,<var>s</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Adds the element <var>m</var> to the set <var>s</var> if it is not already
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there. Returns the new set.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>MAX(<var>t</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns the maximum value of the type <var>t</var>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>MIN(<var>t</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns the minimum value of the type <var>t</var>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>ODD(<var>i</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns boolean TRUE if <var>i</var> is an odd number.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>ORD(<var>x</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns the ordinal value of its argument. For example, the ordinal
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value of a character is its <small>ASCII</small> value (on machines supporting
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the <small>ASCII</small> character set). The argument <var>x</var> must be of an
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ordered type, which include integral, character and enumerated types.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>SIZE(<var>x</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns the size of its argument. The argument <var>x</var> can be a
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variable or a type.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>TRUNC(<var>r</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns the integral part of <var>r</var>.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>TSIZE(<var>x</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns the size of its argument. The argument <var>x</var> can be a
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variable or a type.
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</p>
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</dd>
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<dt><code>VAL(<var>t</var>,<var>i</var>)</code></dt>
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<dd><p>Returns the member of the type <var>t</var> whose ordinal value is <var>i</var>.
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</p></dd>
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</dl>
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<blockquote>
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<p><em>Warning:</em> Sets and their operations are not yet supported, so
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<small>GDB</small> treats the use of procedures <code>INCL</code> and <code>EXCL</code> as
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an error.
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</p></blockquote>
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<a name="index-Modula_002d2-constants"></a>
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<hr>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="M2-Constants.html#M2-Constants" accesskey="n" rel="next">M2 Constants</a>, Previous: <a href="M2-Operators.html#M2-Operators" accesskey="p" rel="previous">M2 Operators</a>, Up: <a href="Modula_002d2.html#Modula_002d2" accesskey="u" rel="up">Modula-2</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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