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<title>Using as: Input Files</title>
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<a name="Input-Files"></a>
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<p>
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Next: <a href="Object.html#Object" accesskey="n" rel="next">Object</a>, Previous: <a href="Command-Line.html#Command-Line" accesskey="p" rel="previous">Command Line</a>, Up: <a href="Overview.html#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<a name="Input-Files-1"></a>
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<h3 class="section">1.5 Input Files</h3>
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<a name="index-input"></a>
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<a name="index-source-program"></a>
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<a name="index-files_002c-input"></a>
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<p>We use the phrase <em>source program</em>, abbreviated <em>source</em>, to
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describe the program input to one run of <code>as</code>. The program may
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be in one or more files; how the source is partitioned into files
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doesn’t change the meaning of the source.
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</p>
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<p>The source program is a concatenation of the text in all the files, in the
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order specified.
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</p>
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<p>Each time you run <code>as</code> it assembles exactly one source
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program. The source program is made up of one or more files.
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(The standard input is also a file.)
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</p>
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<p>You give <code>as</code> a command line that has zero or more input file
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names. The input files are read (from left file name to right). A
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command-line argument (in any position) that has no special meaning
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is taken to be an input file name.
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</p>
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<p>If you give <code>as</code> no file names it attempts to read one input file
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from the <code>as</code> standard input, which is normally your terminal. You
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may have to type <tt class="key">ctl-D</tt> to tell <code>as</code> there is no more program
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to assemble.
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</p>
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<p>Use ‘<samp>--</samp>’ if you need to explicitly name the standard input file
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in your command line.
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</p>
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<p>If the source is empty, <code>as</code> produces a small, empty object
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file.
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</p>
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<a name="Filenames-and-Line_002dnumbers"></a>
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<h4 class="subheading">Filenames and Line-numbers</h4>
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<a name="index-input-file-linenumbers"></a>
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<a name="index-line-numbers_002c-in-input-files"></a>
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<p>There are two ways of locating a line in the input file (or files) and
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either may be used in reporting error messages. One way refers to a line
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number in a physical file; the other refers to a line number in a
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“logical” file. See <a href="Errors.html#Errors">Error and Warning Messages</a>.
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</p>
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<p><em>Physical files</em> are those files named in the command line given
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to <code>as</code>.
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</p>
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<p><em>Logical files</em> are simply names declared explicitly by assembler
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directives; they bear no relation to physical files. Logical file names help
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error messages reflect the original source file, when <code>as</code> source
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is itself synthesized from other files. <code>as</code> understands the
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‘<samp>#</samp>’ directives emitted by the <code>gcc</code> preprocessor. See also
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<a href="File.html#File"><code>.file</code></a>.
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