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<title>Using the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC): Invoking GCC</title>
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<a name="Invoking-GCC"></a>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="C-Implementation.html#C-Implementation" accesskey="n" rel="next">C Implementation</a>, Previous: <a href="Standards.html#Standards" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Standards</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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<hr>
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<a name="GCC-Command-Options"></a>
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<h2 class="chapter">3 GCC Command Options</h2>
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<a name="index-GCC-command-options"></a>
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<a name="index-command-options"></a>
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<a name="index-options_002c-GCC-command"></a>
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<p>When you invoke GCC, it normally does preprocessing, compilation,
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assembly and linking. The “overall options” allow you to stop this
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process at an intermediate stage. For example, the <samp>-c</samp> option
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says not to run the linker. Then the output consists of object files
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output by the assembler.
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See <a href="Overall-Options.html#Overall-Options">Options Controlling the Kind of Output</a>.
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</p>
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<p>Other options are passed on to one or more stages of processing. Some options
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control the preprocessor and others the compiler itself. Yet other
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options control the assembler and linker; most of these are not
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documented here, since you rarely need to use any of them.
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</p>
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<a name="index-C-compilation-options"></a>
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<p>Most of the command-line options that you can use with GCC are useful
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for C programs; when an option is only useful with another language
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(usually C++), the explanation says so explicitly. If the description
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for a particular option does not mention a source language, you can use
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that option with all supported languages.
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</p>
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<a name="index-cross-compiling"></a>
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<a name="index-specifying-machine-version"></a>
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<a name="index-specifying-compiler-version-and-target-machine"></a>
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<a name="index-compiler-version_002c-specifying"></a>
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<a name="index-target-machine_002c-specifying"></a>
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<p>The usual way to run GCC is to run the executable called <code>gcc</code>, or
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<code><var>machine</var>-gcc</code> when cross-compiling, or
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<code><var>machine</var>-gcc-<var>version</var></code> to run a specific version of GCC.
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When you compile C++ programs, you should invoke GCC as <code>g++</code>
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instead. See <a href="Invoking-G_002b_002b.html#Invoking-G_002b_002b">Compiling C++ Programs</a>,
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for information about the differences in behavior between <code>gcc</code>
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and <code>g++</code> when compiling C++ programs.
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</p>
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<a name="index-grouping-options"></a>
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<a name="index-options_002c-grouping"></a>
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<p>The <code>gcc</code> program accepts options and file names as operands. Many
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options have multi-letter names; therefore multiple single-letter options
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may <em>not</em> be grouped: <samp>-dv</samp> is very different from ‘<samp><span class="nolinebreak">-d</span> <span class="nolinebreak">-v</span></samp>’<!-- /@w -->.
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</p>
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<a name="index-order-of-options"></a>
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<a name="index-options_002c-order"></a>
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<p>You can mix options and other arguments. For the most part, the order
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you use doesn’t matter. Order does matter when you use several
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options of the same kind; for example, if you specify <samp>-L</samp> more
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than once, the directories are searched in the order specified. Also,
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the placement of the <samp>-l</samp> option is significant.
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</p>
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<p>Many options have long names starting with ‘<samp>-f</samp>’ or with
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‘<samp>-W</samp>’—for example,
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<samp>-fmove-loop-invariants</samp>, <samp>-Wformat</samp> and so on. Most of
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these have both positive and negative forms; the negative form of
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<samp>-ffoo</samp> is <samp>-fno-foo</samp>. This manual documents
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only one of these two forms, whichever one is not the default.
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</p>
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<p>See <a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index">Option Index</a>, for an index to GCC’s options.
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</p>
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<table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0">
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Option-Summary.html#Option-Summary" accesskey="1">Option Summary</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Brief list of all options, without explanations.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Overall-Options.html#Overall-Options" accesskey="2">Overall Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling the kind of output:
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an executable, object files, assembler files,
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or preprocessed source.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Invoking-G_002b_002b.html#Invoking-G_002b_002b" accesskey="3">Invoking G++</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Compiling C++ programs.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="C-Dialect-Options.html#C-Dialect-Options" accesskey="4">C Dialect Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling the variant of C language compiled.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="C_002b_002b-Dialect-Options.html#C_002b_002b-Dialect-Options" accesskey="5">C++ Dialect Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Variations on C++.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Objective_002dC-and-Objective_002dC_002b_002b-Dialect-Options.html#Objective_002dC-and-Objective_002dC_002b_002b-Dialect-Options" accesskey="6">Objective-C and Objective-C++ Dialect Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Variations on Objective-C
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and Objective-C++.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Diagnostic-Message-Formatting-Options.html#Diagnostic-Message-Formatting-Options" accesskey="7">Diagnostic Message Formatting Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling how diagnostics should
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be formatted.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Warning-Options.html#Warning-Options" accesskey="8">Warning Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How picky should the compiler be?
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Debugging-Options.html#Debugging-Options" accesskey="9">Debugging Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Producing debuggable code.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Optimize-Options.html#Optimize-Options">Optimize Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How much optimization?
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Instrumentation-Options.html#Instrumentation-Options">Instrumentation Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Enabling profiling and extra run-time error checking.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Preprocessor-Options.html#Preprocessor-Options">Preprocessor Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Controlling header files and macro definitions.
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Also, getting dependency information for Make.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Assembler-Options.html#Assembler-Options">Assembler Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Passing options to the assembler.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Link-Options.html#Link-Options">Link Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying libraries and so on.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Directory-Options.html#Directory-Options">Directory Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Where to find header files and libraries.
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Where to find the compiler executable files.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Code-Gen-Options.html#Code-Gen-Options">Code Gen Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Specifying conventions for function calls, data layout
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and register usage.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Developer-Options.html#Developer-Options">Developer Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Printing GCC configuration info, statistics, and
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debugging dumps.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Submodel-Options.html#Submodel-Options">Submodel Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Target-specific options, such as compiling for a
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specific processor variant.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Spec-Files.html#Spec-Files">Spec Files</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How to pass switches to sub-processes.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Environment-Variables.html#Environment-Variables">Environment Variables</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Env vars that affect GCC.
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</td></tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Precompiled-Headers.html#Precompiled-Headers">Precompiled Headers</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Compiling a header once, and using it many times.
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</td></tr>
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</table>
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<hr>
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<div class="header">
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<p>
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Next: <a href="C-Implementation.html#C-Implementation" accesskey="n" rel="next">C Implementation</a>, Previous: <a href="Standards.html#Standards" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Standards</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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