VME Device Drivers
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==================
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Driver registration
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-------------------
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As with other subsystems within the Linux kernel, VME device drivers register
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with the VME subsystem, typically called from the devices init routine. This is
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achieved via a call to :c:func:`vme_register_driver`.
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A pointer to a structure of type :c:type:`struct vme_driver <vme_driver>` must
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be provided to the registration function. Along with the maximum number of
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devices your driver is able to support.
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At the minimum, the '.name', '.match' and '.probe' elements of
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:c:type:`struct vme_driver <vme_driver>` should be correctly set. The '.name'
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element is a pointer to a string holding the device driver's name.
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The '.match' function allows control over which VME devices should be registered
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with the driver. The match function should return 1 if a device should be
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probed and 0 otherwise. This example match function (from vme_user.c) limits
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the number of devices probed to one:
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.. code-block:: c
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#define USER_BUS_MAX 1
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...
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static int vme_user_match(struct vme_dev *vdev)
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{
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if (vdev->id.num >= USER_BUS_MAX)
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return 0;
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return 1;
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}
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The '.probe' element should contain a pointer to the probe routine. The
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probe routine is passed a :c:type:`struct vme_dev <vme_dev>` pointer as an
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argument.
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Here, the 'num' field refers to the sequential device ID for this specific
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driver. The bridge number (or bus number) can be accessed using
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dev->bridge->num.
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A function is also provided to unregister the driver from the VME core called
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:c:func:`vme_unregister_driver` and should usually be called from the device
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driver's exit routine.
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Resource management
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-------------------
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Once a driver has registered with the VME core the provided match routine will
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be called the number of times specified during the registration. If a match
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succeeds, a non-zero value should be returned. A zero return value indicates
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failure. For all successful matches, the probe routine of the corresponding
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driver is called. The probe routine is passed a pointer to the devices
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device structure. This pointer should be saved, it will be required for
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requesting VME resources.
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The driver can request ownership of one or more master windows
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(:c:func:`vme_master_request`), slave windows (:c:func:`vme_slave_request`)
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and/or dma channels (:c:func:`vme_dma_request`). Rather than allowing the device
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driver to request a specific window or DMA channel (which may be used by a
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different driver) the API allows a resource to be assigned based on the required
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attributes of the driver in question. For slave windows these attributes are
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split into the VME address spaces that need to be accessed in 'aspace' and VME
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bus cycle types required in 'cycle'. Master windows add a further set of
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attributes in 'width' specifying the required data transfer widths. These
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attributes are defined as bitmasks and as such any combination of the
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attributes can be requested for a single window, the core will assign a window
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that meets the requirements, returning a pointer of type vme_resource that
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should be used to identify the allocated resource when it is used. For DMA
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controllers, the request function requires the potential direction of any
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transfers to be provided in the route attributes. This is typically VME-to-MEM
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and/or MEM-to-VME, though some hardware can support VME-to-VME and MEM-to-MEM
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transfers as well as test pattern generation. If an unallocated window fitting
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the requirements can not be found a NULL pointer will be returned.
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Functions are also provided to free window allocations once they are no longer
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required. These functions (:c:func:`vme_master_free`, :c:func:`vme_slave_free`
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and :c:func:`vme_dma_free`) should be passed the pointer to the resource
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provided during resource allocation.
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Master windows
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--------------
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Master windows provide access from the local processor[s] out onto the VME bus.
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The number of windows available and the available access modes is dependent on
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the underlying chipset. A window must be configured before it can be used.
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Master window configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Once a master window has been assigned :c:func:`vme_master_set` can be used to
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configure it and :c:func:`vme_master_get` to retrieve the current settings. The
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address spaces, transfer widths and cycle types are the same as described
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under resource management, however some of the options are mutually exclusive.
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For example, only one address space may be specified.
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Master window access
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The function :c:func:`vme_master_read` can be used to read from and
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:c:func:`vme_master_write` used to write to configured master windows.
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In addition to simple reads and writes, :c:func:`vme_master_rmw` is provided to
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do a read-modify-write transaction. Parts of a VME window can also be mapped
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into user space memory using :c:func:`vme_master_mmap`.
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Slave windows
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-------------
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Slave windows provide devices on the VME bus access into mapped portions of the
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local memory. The number of windows available and the access modes that can be
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used is dependent on the underlying chipset. A window must be configured before
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it can be used.
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Slave window configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Once a slave window has been assigned :c:func:`vme_slave_set` can be used to
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configure it and :c:func:`vme_slave_get` to retrieve the current settings.
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The address spaces, transfer widths and cycle types are the same as described
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under resource management, however some of the options are mutually exclusive.
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For example, only one address space may be specified.
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Slave window buffer allocation
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Functions are provided to allow the user to allocate
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(:c:func:`vme_alloc_consistent`) and free (:c:func:`vme_free_consistent`)
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contiguous buffers which will be accessible by the VME bridge. These functions
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do not have to be used, other methods can be used to allocate a buffer, though
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care must be taken to ensure that they are contiguous and accessible by the VME
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bridge.
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Slave window access
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Slave windows map local memory onto the VME bus, the standard methods for
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accessing memory should be used.
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DMA channels
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------------
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The VME DMA transfer provides the ability to run link-list DMA transfers. The
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API introduces the concept of DMA lists. Each DMA list is a link-list which can
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be passed to a DMA controller. Multiple lists can be created, extended,
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executed, reused and destroyed.
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List Management
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The function :c:func:`vme_new_dma_list` is provided to create and
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:c:func:`vme_dma_list_free` to destroy DMA lists. Execution of a list will not
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automatically destroy the list, thus enabling a list to be reused for repetitive
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tasks.
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List Population
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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An item can be added to a list using :c:func:`vme_dma_list_add` (the source and
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destination attributes need to be created before calling this function, this is
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covered under "Transfer Attributes").
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.. note::
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The detailed attributes of the transfers source and destination
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are not checked until an entry is added to a DMA list, the request
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for a DMA channel purely checks the directions in which the
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controller is expected to transfer data. As a result it is
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possible for this call to return an error, for example if the
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source or destination is in an unsupported VME address space.
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Transfer Attributes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The attributes for the source and destination are handled separately from adding
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an item to a list. This is due to the diverse attributes required for each type
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of source and destination. There are functions to create attributes for PCI, VME
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and pattern sources and destinations (where appropriate):
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- PCI source or destination: :c:func:`vme_dma_pci_attribute`
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- VME source or destination: :c:func:`vme_dma_vme_attribute`
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- Pattern source: :c:func:`vme_dma_pattern_attribute`
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The function :c:func:`vme_dma_free_attribute` should be used to free an
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attribute.
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List Execution
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The function :c:func:`vme_dma_list_exec` queues a list for execution and will
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return once the list has been executed.
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Interrupts
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----------
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The VME API provides functions to attach and detach callbacks to specific VME
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level and status ID combinations and for the generation of VME interrupts with
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specific VME level and status IDs.
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Attaching Interrupt Handlers
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The function :c:func:`vme_irq_request` can be used to attach and
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:c:func:`vme_irq_free` to free a specific VME level and status ID combination.
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Any given combination can only be assigned a single callback function. A void
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pointer parameter is provided, the value of which is passed to the callback
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function, the use of this pointer is user undefined. The callback parameters are
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as follows. Care must be taken in writing a callback function, callback
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functions run in interrupt context:
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.. code-block:: c
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void callback(int level, int statid, void *priv);
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Interrupt Generation
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The function :c:func:`vme_irq_generate` can be used to generate a VME interrupt
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at a given VME level and VME status ID.
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Location monitors
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-----------------
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The VME API provides the following functionality to configure the location
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monitor.
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Location Monitor Management
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The function :c:func:`vme_lm_request` is provided to request the use of a block
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of location monitors and :c:func:`vme_lm_free` to free them after they are no
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longer required. Each block may provide a number of location monitors,
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monitoring adjacent locations. The function :c:func:`vme_lm_count` can be used
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to determine how many locations are provided.
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Location Monitor Configuration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Once a bank of location monitors has been allocated, the function
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:c:func:`vme_lm_set` is provided to configure the location and mode of the
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location monitor. The function :c:func:`vme_lm_get` can be used to retrieve
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existing settings.
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Location Monitor Use
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The function :c:func:`vme_lm_attach` enables a callback to be attached and
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:c:func:`vme_lm_detach` allows on to be detached from each location monitor
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location. Each location monitor can monitor a number of adjacent locations. The
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callback function is declared as follows.
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.. code-block:: c
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void callback(void *data);
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Slot Detection
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--------------
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The function :c:func:`vme_slot_num` returns the slot ID of the provided bridge.
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Bus Detection
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-------------
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The function :c:func:`vme_bus_num` returns the bus ID of the provided bridge.
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VME API
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-------
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.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/vme.h
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:internal:
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.. kernel-doc:: drivers/vme/vme.c
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:export:
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